Narration means telling or reporting what someone has said.
It is of two types:
1- Direct Narration (Direct Speech)
2- Indirect Narration (Indirect Speech)
1. Direct Speech
जब हम किसी व्यक्ति के शब्दों को उसी तरह दोहराते हैं जैसे उसने कहे थे, तो उसे Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष कथन) कहते हैं।
Ex.: Ram said, “I am going. ” ( राम ने कहा, “मैं जा रहा हूँ।”)
इसमें quotes (" ") का प्रयोग होता है।
Ex.: She said, "I am tired." (उसने कहा, "मैं थकी हुई हूँ।")
2. Indirect Speech
जब हम किसी व्यक्ति की बात को अपने शब्दों में बताते हैं, तो उसे Indirect Speech (अप्रत्यक्ष कथन) कहते हैं।
[i] अर्थ वही रहता है, लेकिन शब्द बदले जाते हैं।
[ii] इसमें quotes (" ") हट जाते हैं
Ex.: Ram said that he was going. राम ने कहा कि वह जा रहा था।
Ex.: She said that she was tired. उसने कहा कि वह थकी हुई थी।
He said to me “I am going to pune. ”
1 | Reporting Verb | said, told, asked, etc |
2 | Reporting Speech | He said to me |
3 | Reported Speech | "I am going to Pune." |
1. Reported Verb
वह क्रिया (verb) जो यह बताती है कि किसने कहा और कैसे कहा।
Ex. said, told, asked, replied, exclaimed, ordered, requested, advised, etc
2. Reporting Speech
👉 वह पूरा वाक्य जिसमें Reporting Verb + Speaker + Listener शामिल होते हैं।
📌 यह वाक्य उस व्यक्ति को दर्शाता है जो बोल रहा है और किससे बोल रहा है।
Ex. He said.
Ex. She told me
3. Reported Speech
👉 वह भाग जो उद्धरण चिन्ह (" ") के अंदर होता है – यानि जिस बात को कहा गया है।
यह वह हिस्सा है जो बताया जा रहा है – यानी कथन (जो कोटेशन मार्क्स " " में होता है)।
👉 "I am going to Pune."
[i] इसमें “I” उस व्यक्ति को दर्शा रहा है जिसने कहा (He)
[ii] "am going" = present continuous tense
[iii] यह कोटेशन मार्क्स (" ") के अंदर होता है
[iv] Reported Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय tense, pronoun और time बदलते हैं।
🔄 Direct से Indirect बदलने के नियम
1️⃣Pronoun Change Table
When we change a sentence from Direct to Indirect speech, the pronouns also change depending on:
[i] Subject of the reporting verb
[ii] Person speaking (1st, 2nd, 3rd person)
Person Table in English |
Person | Subject | Object | Possessive Adjective | Possessive |
1 = First Person | I, We | me, us | my, our | mine, ours |
2 = Second Person | you | you | your | yours |
3 = Third Person | he, she, it, they | him, her, it, them | his, her, its, their | his, hers, its, theirs |
Reported Speech का Pronoun इस तरह बदलेगा |
Person | SON |
1 = First Person | S = Subject के अनुसार |
2 = Second Person | O = Object के अनुसार |
3 = Third Person | N = No Change |
✅ Rule A: First Person Pronouns (I, me, my, we, us, our)
👉 जब Direct Speech में कोई First Person Pronoun (जैसे: I, me, my, we, us, our) होता है,
तो उसे Indirect Speech में बदलते समय यह Subject (कथन करने वाले व्यक्ति) के अनुसार बदलता है।
First person pronouns change according to the subject of the reporting verb.
Direct Pronoun | Type |
I | Subject |
me | Object |
my | Possessive Adjective |
mine | Possessive Pronoun |
we | Subject (plural) |
us | Object (plural) |
our | Possessive |
Example:
1.Direct: Ram said, “I am going.”
Indirect: Ram said that he was going.
Note - Present Continuous → Past Continuous
2.Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: He said that he was tired.
3.Direct: Ram said, “I am going to school.”
Indirect: Ram said that he was going to school.
4.Direct: Riya said, “We are best friends.”
Indirect: Riya said that they were best friends.
5.Direct : The teacher said, “I am proud of my students.”
Indirect : The teacher said that he/she was proud of his/her students.
6.Direct: She said, “I lost my pen.”
Indirect: She said that she had lost her pen.
Note - Simple Past → Past Perfect
7.Direct: The girl said, “I washed my clothes.”
Indirect: The girl said that she had washed her clothes.
8.Direct: The boys said, “We enjoyed the movie.”
Indirect: The boys said that they had enjoyed the movie.
9.Direct: I said, “We have completed our homework.”
Indirect: I said that we had completed our homework.
Note - Present Perfect → Past Perfect
10.Direct: Sita said, “I will bring my book tomorrow.”
Indirect: Sita said that she would bring her book the next day.
Note - Will / Shall → Would
11.Direct : The players said, “We will win our match.”
Indirect : The players said that they would win their match.
✅ Rule B: Second Person Pronouns (you, your)
👉 जब Direct Speech में Second Person Pronoun (जैसे: you, your) हो,
तो उसे Indirect Speech में बदलते समय यह बदलता है Object (Listener/जिससे बात की जा रही है) के अनुसार।
Second person pronouns change according to the object of the reporting verb.
Pronoun | Use |
you | Subject / Object |
your | Possessive adjective |
yours | Possessive pronoun |
Example:
1.Direct : Ram said to me, “You are my best friend.”
Indirect : Ram told me that I was his best friend.
2.Direct: The teacher said to Rahul, “You have completed your homework.”
Indirect: The teacher told Rahul that he had completed his homework.
3.Direct: Mother said to her daughter, “You should clean your room.”
Indirect: Mother told her daughter that she should clean her room.
4.Direct: He said to his friends, “You must be careful.”
Indirect: He told his friends that they must be careful.
5.Direct: She said to me, “You can take your book now.”
Indirect: She told me that I could take my book then.
6.Direct: Ram said to me, “You are late.”
Indirect: Ram said to me that I was late.
✅ Rule 3: Third Person Pronouns (he, she, they, him, her, them)
👉 Third person pronouns usually do not change.
Pronoun | Type |
he, she, they | Subject |
him, her, them | Object |
his, her, their | Possessive adjective |
hers, theirs | Possessive pronoun |
📌 Example:
1. Direct: He said, “He is late.”
Indirect: He said that he was late.
2. Direct: She said, “She has finished her work.”
Indirect: She said that she had finished her work.
3. Direct: They said, “They are going to the market.”
Indirect: They said that they were going to the market.
4. Direct: Ramesh said, “He likes to play football.”
Indirect: Ramesh said that he liked to play football.
5. Direct: Sita said, “She is learning French.”
Indirect: Sita said that she was learning French.
6. Direct: Rahul said, “They will come tomorrow.”
Indirect: Rahul said that they would come the next day.
7. Direct: She said, “He helped me.”
Indirect: She said that he had helped her.
8. Direct: He said, “She is my sister.”
Indirect: He said that she was his sister.
9. Direct: They said, “He was playing cricket.”
Indirect: They said that he had been playing cricket.
10. Direct: She said, “They have finished the project.”
Indirect: She said that they had finished the project.
11. Direct: Ram said, “I gave the book to her.”
Indirect: Ram said that he had given the book to her.
12. Direct: Rina said, “He will come with them.”
Indirect: Rina said that he would come with them.
13. Direct: He said, “She dances well.”
Indirect: He said that she danced well.
14. Direct: The teacher said, “They are good students.”
Indirect: The teacher said that they were good students.
15. Direct: She said, “I saw him at the park.”
Indirect: She said that she had seen him at the park.
16.Direct: He said, “She is cooking.”
Indirect: He said that she was cooking.
Changing Pronouns |
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
I | he/she |
we | they |
you (to me) | I |
you (to him) | he |
my | his/her |
your | my/his |
me | him/her |
us | them |
2️⃣Tense Change
Tense | Structure | Example |
Simple Present | Subject + V1 (+ s/es) | He says, "I play cricket." |
Simple Past | Subject + V2 | He said that he played cricket. |
Present Continuous | is/am/are + verb-ing | She said, "I am reading." |
Past Continuous | was/were + verb-ing | She said that she was reading. |
Present Perfect | has/have + past participle (V3) | She said, "I have finished my work." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | She said that she had finished her work. |
Present Perfect Continuous | (has/have + been + V¹ + ing) | He said, “I have been working hard.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | (had + been + V¹ + ing) | He said that he had been working hard. |
Simple Past | V2 | He said, "I saw the movie." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | He said that he had seen the movie. |
Past Continuous | was/were + V¹ + ing | They said, “We were watching TV.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | They said that they had been watching TV. |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.” |
No Change | - | Ramesh said that he had taken the test. |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.” |
No Change | - | The teacher said that I had been improving steadily. |
Tense | Structure | Example |
📘 [i]. Simple Present → Simple Past
जब Direct Speech में Simple Present Tense होता है, तो Indirect Speech में वह बदल जाता है Simple Past Tense में।
Tense | Structure | Example |
Simple Present | Subject + V1 (+ s/es) | He says, "I play cricket." |
Simple Past | Subject + V2 | He said that he played cricket. |
Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I go to school.”
Indirect: He said that he went to school.
2. Direct: She said, “I eat an apple every day.”
Indirect: She said that she ate an apple every day.
3. Direct: Rohan said, “I play cricket on Sundays.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he played cricket on Sundays.
4. Direct: They said, “We study English.”
Indirect: They said that they studied English.
5. Direct: The teacher said, “He speaks the truth.”
Indirect: The teacher said that he spoke the truth.
6. Direct: Rahul said, “I write poems.”
Indirect: Rahul said that he wrote poems.
7. Direct: She said, “He drinks milk.”
Indirect: She said that he drank milk.
8. Direct: The boy said, “I watch cartoons.”
Indirect: The boy said that he watched cartoons.
9. Direct: I said, “I feel happy.”
Indirect: I said that I felt happy.
10. Direct: They said, “She sings well.”
Indirect: They said that she sang well.
11.Direct: He said, “I play football.”
Indirect: He said that he played football.
📝 Practice Sentences - 01: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | She said, "I like ice cream." |
2 | They said, "We go to school daily." |
3 | He said, "I play football." |
4 | I said, "You sing well." |
5 | Rahul said, "I clean my room." |
6 | She said, "He reads the newspaper." |
7 | Riya said, "I watch cartoons every day." |
8 | They said, "We walk in the morning." |
9 | He said, "She dances beautifully." |
10 | She said, "He drinks milk." |
11 | I said, "You are very helpful." |
12 | Teacher said, "You come late every day." |
13 | He said, "I open the shop at 9 a.m." |
14 | She said, "My brother plays football." |
15 | Mother said, "You waste water." |
16 | Ramesh said, "I take a bath every day." |
17 | She said, "I love dancing." |
18 | He said, "I eat fruits." |
19 | They said, "We help our parents." |
20 | I said to him, "You are a good friend." |
21 | She said, "I visit my grandma every week." |
22 | They said, "We enjoy music." |
23 | Ravi said, "I like this movie." |
24 | Meena said, "He eats fast." |
25 | She said, "My father works in a bank." |
26 | He said, "The sun rises in the east." |
27 | Riya said, "I write stories." |
28 | Teacher said, "You always talk in class." |
29 | They said, "We are good friends." |
30 | I said, "He respects his elders." |
31 | He said, "I study hard for exams." |
32 | She said, "He loves his dog." |
33 | They said, "We visit the temple on Sundays." |
34 | I said, "She makes delicious food." |
35 | He said, "You always help others." |
36 | She said, "I live in Mumbai." |
37 | They said, "Our teacher explains well." |
38 | Rohan said, "My friends play with me." |
39 | She said, "We watch movies on Sundays." |
40 | He said, "You work very hard." |
41 | The teacher said, "You always forget your homework." |
42 | She said, "They dance at parties." |
43 | He said, "She buys vegetables." |
44 | They said, "We read the Gita." |
45 | Father said, "You do your work well." |
46 | Mother said, "You keep your room clean." |
47 | The boy said, "I follow the rules." |
48 | The girl said, "I trust my friends." |
49 | He said, "She helps her mother." |
50 | Ritu said, "I talk to my best friend every day." |
[ii]. Present Continuous → Past Continuous
जब Direct Speech में कोई वाक्य Present Continuous Tense में होता है,
तो उसे Indirect Speech में बदलते समय वह बदल जाता है Past Continuous Tense में।
Tense | Structure | Example |
Present Continuous | is/am/are + verb-ing | She said, "I am reading." |
Past Continuous | was/were + verb-ing | She said that she was reading. |
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I am reading a book.”
Indirect: He said that he was reading a book.
2. Direct: She said, “I am cooking dinner.”
Indirect: She said that she was cooking dinner.
3. Direct: They said, “We are playing football.”
Indirect: They said that they were playing football.
4. Direct: Riya said, “I am writing a letter.”
Indirect: Riya said that she was writing a letter.
5. Direct: The teacher said, “He is sleeping in class.”
Indirect: The teacher said that he was sleeping in class.
6. Direct: I said, “I am listening to music.”
Indirect: I said that I was listening to music.
7. Direct: He said, “She is dancing beautifully.”
Indirect: He said that she was dancing beautifully.
8. Direct: She said, “They are cleaning the house.”
Indirect: She said that they were cleaning the house.
9. Direct: The guard said, “I am watching the gate.”
Indirect: The guard said that he was watching the gate.
10. Direct: Ramesh said, “My friends are coming.”
Indirect: Ramesh said that his friends were coming.
11. Direct: They said, “We are waiting for the bus.”
Indirect: They said that they were waiting for the bus.
12. Direct: He said, “I am learning French.”
Indirect: He said that he was learning French.
13. Direct: She said, “I am preparing for my exam.”
Indirect: She said that she was preparing for her exam.
14. Direct: The children said, “We are watching cartoons.”
Indirect: The children said that they were watching cartoons.
15.Direct: She said, “I am cooking.”
Indirect: She said that she was cooking.
📝 Practice Sentences - 02: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | She said, "I am reading a book." |
2 | He said, "I am doing my homework." |
3 | They said, "We are going to school." |
4 | Riya said, "I am writing a letter." |
5 | I said to her, "You are crying." |
6 | He said, "She is cooking dinner." |
7 | The teacher said, "You are not listening." |
8 | She said, "He is playing the guitar." |
9 | Rahul said, "I am learning English." |
10 | I said, "You are smiling." |
11 | Rina said, "I am preparing for my exam." |
12 | They said, "We are cleaning the classroom." |
13 | He said, "I am driving the car." |
14 | She said, "I am painting a picture." |
15 | The boy said, "I am swimming in the pool." |
16 | I said, "You are laughing loudly." |
17 | The guard said, "I am opening the gate." |
18 | She said, "We are studying together." |
19 | The teacher said, "He is sleeping in the class." |
20 | I said, "She is watering the plants." |
21 | He said, "They are watching a movie." |
22 | Mother said, "I am making lunch." |
23 | You said, "I am not feeling well." |
24 | Father said, "You are wasting time." |
25 | She said, "I am brushing my hair." |
26 | The teacher said, "They are talking in the class." |
27 | I said, "We are leaving now." |
28 | He said, "She is shouting at me." |
29 | She said, "The baby is crying." |
30 | They said, "We are looking for our books." |
31 | The student said, "I am solving the math problem." |
32 | She said, "I am taking a selfie." |
33 | He said, "I am waiting at the bus stop." |
34 | The driver said, "I am parking the bus." |
35 | They said, "We are packing our bags." |
36 | I said to her, "You are disturbing the class." |
37 | She said, "He is teasing the cat." |
38 | He said, "I am fixing the fan." |
39 | Riya said, "I am feeding the dog." |
40 | I said, "He is calling me now." |
41 | The boy said, "I am blowing balloons." |
42 | The girl said, "I am cleaning the whiteboard." |
43 | You said, "I am drawing a picture." |
44 | He said, "They are running in the ground." |
45 | She said, "I am decorating my room." |
46 | The teacher said, "You are reading aloud." |
47 | I said, "He is playing chess with me." |
48 | Mother said, "I am folding the clothes." |
49 | He said, "You are coming late." |
50 | They said, "We are making a project." |
📕 [iii]. Present Perfect → Past Perfect
जब Direct Speech में Present Perfect Tense (has/have + V3) होता है, तो उसे Indirect Speech में बदलते समय हम Past Perfect (had + V3) कर देते हैं।
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the Present Perfect tense in the reported speech changes to Past Perfect in indirect speech.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Present Perfect | has/have + past participle (V3) | She said, "I have finished my work." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | She said that she had finished her work. |
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I have finished my work.”
Indirect: He said that he had finished his work.
2. Direct: She said, “I have lost my keys.”
Indirect: She said that she had lost her keys.
3. Direct: They said, “We have reached the station.”
Indirect: They said that they had reached the station.
4. Direct: I said, “I have eaten breakfast.”
Indirect: I said that I had eaten breakfast.
5. Direct: The boy said, “I have cleaned my room.”
Indirect: The boy said that he had cleaned his room.
6. Direct: She said, “I have seen that movie.”
Indirect: She said that she had seen that movie.
7. Direct: Rohan said, “I have completed my homework.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he had completed his homework.
8. Direct: The teacher said, “You have done well.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I had done well.
9. Direct: They said, “We have bought a new car.”
Indirect: They said that they had bought a new car.
10. Direct: He said, “I have met your brother.”
Indirect: He said that he had met my brother.
11. Direct: She said, “I have called him twice.”
Indirect: She said that she had called him twice.
12. Direct: I said, “I have visited Agra before.”
Indirect: I said that I had visited Agra before.
13. Direct: They said, “We have completed the project.”
Indirect: They said that they had completed the project.
14. Direct: He said, “I have never seen such a place.”
Indirect: He said that he had never seen such a place.
15.Direct: They said, “We have finished our homework.”
Indirect: They said that they had finished their homework.
📝 Practice Sentences - 03: |
No. | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | She said, "I have completed the task." |
2 | He said, "I have eaten my lunch." |
3 | They said, "We have seen that movie." |
4 | I said, "You have done a great job." |
5 | Riya said, "She has finished her homework." |
6 | Teacher said, "You have passed the test." |
7 | He said, "I have met your friend." |
8 | She said, "We have called the doctor." |
9 | I said, "He has missed the bus." |
10 | They said, "We have planned the trip." |
11 | She said, "I have written a letter." |
12 | He said, "They have danced well." |
13 | You said, "I have prepared the meal." |
14 | Ravi said, "I have solved the problem." |
15 | The girl said, "I have fed the dog." |
16 | I said, "You have improved a lot." |
17 | He said, "I have worked hard." |
18 | She said, "I have cleaned the room." |
19 | Teacher said, "You have learned the poem." |
20 | They said, "We have enjoyed the party." |
21 | Mother said, "I have cooked dinner." |
22 | He said, "I have opened the shop." |
23 | She said, "They have won the match." |
24 | I said, "You have forgotten the keys." |
25 | Father said, "I have bought vegetables." |
26 | They said, "We have repaired the car." |
27 | Riya said, "She has read the book." |
28 | He said, "I have joined the course." |
29 | She said, "I have painted the wall." |
30 | I said, "He has taken the medicine." |
31 | You said, "I have written the report." |
32 | Teacher said, "You have answered correctly." |
33 | She said, "We have locked the door." |
34 | He said, "I have caught the thief." |
35 | The boy said, "I have lost my pen." |
36 | I said, "She has invited everyone." |
37 | They said, "We have completed the form." |
38 | She said, "He has finished the chapter." |
39 | He said, "I have cleaned the floor." |
40 | You said, "I have heard this song." |
41 | Riya said, "We have reached the station." |
42 | He said, "I have taken your book." |
43 | She said, "I have watched the movie." |
44 | The teacher said, "You have done your homework." |
45 | I said, "They have passed the exam." |
46 | He said, "I have given the answer." |
47 | She said, "I have visited the museum." |
48 | You said, "I have mailed the documents." |
49 | The girl said, "I have stitched the dress." |
50 | He said, "I have fixed the computer." |
📗 [iv]. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
जब Direct Speech में Present Perfect Continuous Tense (has/have been + V1 + ing) हो, तो Reported Speech में उसे Past Perfect Continuous (had been + V1 + ing) में बदल दिया जाता है।
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the Present Perfect Continuous tense in the reported speech changes to Past Perfect Continuous.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Present Perfect Continuous | (has/have + been + V¹ + ing) | He said, “I have been working hard.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | (had + been + V¹ + ing) | He said that he had been working hard. |
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I have been working hard.”
Indirect: He said that he had been working hard.
2. Direct: She said, “I have been waiting for you.”
Indirect: She said that she had been waiting for me.
3. Direct: They said, “We have been studying all night.”
Indirect: They said that they had been studying all night.
4. Direct: I said, “I have been living in Delhi.”
Indirect: I said that I had been living in Delhi.
5. Direct: Rohan said, “I have been watching TV.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he had been watching TV.
6. Direct: She said, “I have been feeling sick.”
Indirect: She said that she had been feeling sick.
7. Direct: The teacher said, “You have been improving.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I had been improving.
8. Direct: He said, “She has been singing for an hour.”
Indirect: He said that she had been singing for an hour.
9. Direct: She said, “They have been helping me.”
Indirect: She said that they had been helping her.
10. Direct: I said, “We have been working on this project.”
Indirect: I said that we had been working on that project.
11. Direct: They said, “He has been traveling a lot.”
Indirect: They said that he had been traveling a lot.
12. Direct: Rahul said, “I have been exercising daily.”
Indirect: Rahul said that he had been exercising daily.
13. Direct: She said, “I have been talking to him.”
Indirect: She said that she had been talking to him.
14. Direct: The players said, “We have been practicing since morning.”
Indirect: The players said that they had been practicing since morning.
15.Direct: He said, “I have been reading.”
Indirect: He said that he had been reading.
📝 Practice Sentences - 04: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "I have been reading." |
2 | She said, "I have been cooking all day." |
3 | They said, "We have been waiting for hours." |
4 | John said, "She has been helping me." |
5 | I said, "You have been working hard." |
6 | The teacher said, "You have been improving steadily." |
7 | She said, "I have been feeling sick lately." |
8 | He said, "They have been fighting again." |
9 | I said, "We have been staying in London." |
10 | He said, "I have been playing football since morning." |
11 | She said, "I have been learning Spanish." |
12 | They said, "We have been preparing for the event." |
13 | He said, "I have been thinking about it." |
14 | She said, "I have been watching that show." |
15 | They said, "We have been discussing the plan." |
16 | I said, "She has been working overtime." |
17 | He said, "I have been waiting for the bus." |
18 | She said, "You have been ignoring me." |
19 | I said, "I have been saving money for months." |
20 | They said, "We have been fixing the machine." |
21 | She said, "I have been sewing a dress." |
22 | He said, "I have been cleaning the garage." |
23 | They said, "We have been playing video games." |
24 | She said, "He has been annoying me." |
25 | He said, "I have been taking piano lessons." |
26 | She said, "I have been baking a cake." |
27 | I said, "They have been calling every day." |
28 | They said, "She has been drawing all night." |
29 | He said, "I have been walking in the park." |
30 | She said, "We have been practicing together." |
31 | I said, "He has been feeding the dog." |
32 | They said, "You have been lying to us." |
33 | He said, "I have been organizing the files." |
34 | She said, "I have been living here for years." |
35 | He said, "She has been singing all morning." |
36 | I said, "I have been attending evening classes." |
37 | She said, "He has been ignoring his studies." |
38 | They said, "We have been watching a documentary." |
39 | He said, "I have been fixing my car." |
40 | She said, "They have been traveling abroad." |
41 | He said, "You have been driving too fast." |
42 | They said, "I have been checking the reports." |
43 | She said, "I have been studying for my exams." |
44 | He said, "We have been searching for a solution." |
45 | I said, "He has been playing the guitar." |
46 | She said, "You have been misbehaving." |
47 | He said, "They have been doing their homework." |
48 | She said, "I have been struggling with the task." |
49 | He said, "We have been talking about you." |
50 | I said, "She has been working on the assignment." |
📘 [v]. Simple Past → Past Perfect
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the Simple Past in the reported speech changes to Past Perfect.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Simple Past | V2 | He said, "I saw the movie." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | He said that he had seen the movie. |
✨Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I visited Delhi.”
Indirect: He said that he had visited Delhi.
2. Direct: She said, “I finished my work.”
Indirect: She said that she had finished her work.
3. Direct: They said, “We watched the movie.”
Indirect: They said that they had watched the movie.
4. Direct: Rohan said, “I lost my keys.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he had lost his keys.
5. Direct: The teacher said, “He came late.”
Indirect: The teacher said that he had come late.
6. Direct: She said, “I bought a new dress.”
Indirect: She said that she had bought a new dress.
7. Direct: I said, “I saw a lion in the zoo.”
Indirect: I said that I had seen a lion in the zoo.
8. Direct: They said, “We met him yesterday.”
Indirect: They said that they had met him the day before.
9. Direct: He said, “I knew the answer.”
Indirect: He said that he had known the answer.
10. Direct: She said, “I cooked dinner.”
Indirect: She said that she had cooked dinner.
11.Direct: She said, “I visited Delhi.”
Indirect: She said that she had visited Delhi.
📝 Practice Sentences - 05: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "I ate an apple." |
2 | She said, "We went to school." |
3 | I said, "He worked hard." |
4 | They said, "We lost the match." |
5 | Riya said, "I met him yesterday." |
6 | He said, "She cleaned the room." |
7 | She said, "I bought a new dress." |
8 | The boy said, "I saw a lion." |
9 | He said, "We studied together." |
10 | I said, "He told me the truth." |
11 | She said, "I found my keys." |
12 | He said, "They played football yesterday." |
13 | She said, "I finished my homework." |
14 | I said, "He called me last night." |
15 | They said, "We cleaned the house." |
16 | He said, "She left the office early." |
17 | She said, "I wrote a letter." |
18 | He said, "We saw the movie." |
19 | I said, "She made a cake." |
20 | They said, "We visited Delhi last year." |
21 | He said, "I lost my phone." |
22 | She said, "I cleaned my room yesterday." |
23 | I said, "He fixed the car." |
24 | They said, "We bought new books." |
25 | He said, "She sang a song." |
26 | She said, "I opened the door." |
27 | I said, "They built a house." |
28 | They said, "We enjoyed the party." |
29 | He said, "I finished my work." |
30 | She said, "I lost my keys." |
31 | I said, "He repaired the bike." |
32 | They said, "We traveled to Mumbai." |
33 | He said, "I bought a new car." |
34 | She said, "I met the manager yesterday." |
35 | I said, "They left the office early." |
36 | They said, "We watched a movie." |
37 | He said, "I ate breakfast." |
38 | She said, "I visited my grandparents." |
39 | I said, "He learned English last year." |
40 | They said, "We cleaned the garden." |
41 | He said, "She bought flowers." |
42 | She said, "I took the bus." |
43 | I said, "They built a bridge." |
44 | They said, "We painted the house." |
45 | He said, "I wrote a letter." |
46 | She said, "I drove to work." |
47 | I said, "He bought a gift." |
48 | They said, "We fixed the roof." |
49 | He said, "She cleaned the windows." |
50 | She said, "I answered the question." |
📙 [vi]. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
जब कोई वाक्य Direct Speech में Past Continuous Tense में होता है
और Reporting Verb (जैसे said, told) past tense में होता है, तो उस वाक्य के Tense को Past Perfect Continuous में बदल दिया जाता है।
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the Past Continuous tense in the reported speech changes to Past Perfect Continuous in indirect speech.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Past Continuous | was/were + V¹ + ing | They said, “We were watching TV.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | They said that they had been watching TV. |
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I was reading a book.”
Indirect: He said that he had been reading a book.
2. Direct: She said, “I was cooking dinner.”
Indirect: She said that she had been cooking dinner.
3. Direct: They said, “We were watching TV.”
Indirect: They said that they had been watching TV.
4. Direct: Rohan said, “I was playing cricket.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he had been playing cricket.
5. Direct: I said, “I was working on the project.”
Indirect: I said that I had been working on the project.
6. Direct: The teacher said, “He was talking in class.”
Indirect: The teacher said that he had been talking in class.
7. Direct: She said, “They were laughing loudly.”
Indirect: She said that they had been laughing loudly.
8. Direct: He said, “She was crying.”
Indirect: He said that she had been crying.
9. Direct: The boy said, “I was walking in the garden.”
Indirect: The boy said that he had been walking in the garden.
10. Direct: The children said, “We were playing in the park.”
Indirect: The children said that they had been playing in the park.
11.Direct : He said, “I was studying.”
Indirect : He said that he had been studying.
📝 Practice Sentences - 06: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "I was reading a book." |
2 | She said, "We were playing football." |
3 | I said, "He was watching TV." |
4 | They said, "We were studying." |
5 | She said, "I was cooking dinner." |
6 | He said, "She was singing." |
7 | I said, "They were working on a project." |
8 | They said, "We were traveling to Delhi." |
9 | He said, "I was running fast." |
10 | She said, "I was crying." |
11 | I said, "You were waiting for me." |
12 | They said, "We were laughing a lot." |
13 | She said, "I was writing a poem." |
14 | He said, "We were walking in the park." |
15 | I said, "He was repairing the bike." |
16 | She said, "They were decorating the house." |
17 | He said, "I was painting the wall." |
18 | They said, "We were fighting." |
19 | She said, "I was feeding the dog." |
20 | I said, "She was teaching English." |
21 | He said, "We were dancing together." |
22 | She said, "I was driving the car." |
23 | They said, "We were planning a surprise." |
24 | I said, "He was doing yoga." |
25 | He said, "She was helping me." |
26 | She said, "I was washing clothes." |
27 | I said, "We were waiting for the train." |
28 | They said, "He was jumping over the fence." |
29 | He said, "I was fixing the light." |
30 | She said, "I was preparing lunch." |
31 | I said, "You were talking loudly." |
32 | They said, "We were shouting." |
33 | He said, "I was writing notes." |
34 | She said, "We were waiting outside." |
35 | I said, "He was chasing the cat." |
36 | He said, "I was walking slowly." |
37 | She said, "The baby was sleeping." |
38 | I said, "They were singing a song." |
39 | He said, "I was learning Spanish." |
40 | She said, "We were celebrating Diwali." |
41 | They said, "I was calling you." |
42 | He said, "She was drawing a picture." |
43 | I said, "He was opening the gate." |
44 | She said, "I was making tea." |
45 | They said, "We were discussing the plan." |
46 | He said, "I was studying science." |
47 | I said, "They were laughing at me." |
48 | She said, "I was talking to my mom." |
49 | He said, "I was hiding behind the door." |
50 | They said, "We were eating lunch." |
📕 [vii]. Past Perfect → No Change
📌 Past Perfect tense remains unchanged in indirect speech.
When converting Direct to Indirect Speech, if the reported speech is in Past Perfect, the tense remains the same.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.” |
No Change | - | Ramesh said that he had taken the test. |
✨ Examples :
1. Direct: He said, “I had completed the work.”
Indirect: He said that he had completed the work.
2. Direct: She said, “I had gone to the market.”
Indirect: She said that she had gone to the market.
3. Direct: They said, “We had seen that movie.”
Indirect: They said that they had seen that movie.
4. Direct: Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.”
Indirect: Ramesh said that he had taken the test.
5. Direct: I said, “I had finished my homework.”
Indirect: I said that I had finished my homework.
6. Direct: The boy said, “I had forgotten the answer.”
Indirect: The boy said that he had forgotten the answer.
7. Direct: She said, “I had met him before.”
Indirect: She said that she had met him before.
8. Direct: He said, “I had visited Agra.”
Indirect: He said that he had visited Agra.
9. Direct: They said, “We had decided to leave early.”
Indirect: They said that they had decided to leave early.
10. Direct: The teacher said, “He had improved a lot.”
Indirect: The teacher said that he had improved a lot.
11. Direct: She said, “I had known the truth all along.”
Indirect: She said that she had known the truth all along.
12. Direct: He said, “I had sent the email.”
Indirect: He said that he had sent the email.
📝 Practice Sentences - 07: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | She said, "I had finished my homework before dinner." |
2 | He said, "They had already left when I arrived." |
3 | Julia said, "I had seen that movie before." |
4 | Mark said, "We had lived in Paris for five years." |
5 | The teacher said, "You had completed the project well." |
6 | Tom said, "I had never tried sushi before last night." |
7 | She said, "He had forgotten my birthday." |
8 | David said, "I had met him once before the party." |
9 | Anna said, "We had finished eating by the time he arrived." |
10 | He said, "The train had already left." |
11 | She said, "I had written three pages before the bell rang." |
12 | My friend said, "I had forgotten my wallet at home." |
13 | The doctor said, "She had taken the wrong medicine." |
14 | Father said, "I had worked there for ten years." |
15 | Emily said, "He had never spoken to me before." |
16 | The manager said, "We had reached our target." |
17 | Sarah said, "I had packed all the bags." |
18 | He said, "I had known her since college." |
19 | The boy said, "I had broken the window accidentally." |
20 | She said, "They had promised to help me." |
📕 [viii]. Past Perfect Continuous → No Change
📌जब Reported Speech में Past Perfect Continuous tense होता है, तो Indirect Speech में उसका कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता।
Past Perfect Continuous tense remains unchanged in indirect speech.
When converting Direct to Indirect Speech, if the reported speech is in Past Perfect Continuous, the tense remains the same.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.” |
No Change | - | The teacher said that I had been improving steadily. |
✨ Examples :
1. Direct: He said, “I had been working all day.”
Indirect: He said that he had been working all day.
2. Direct: She said, “I had been waiting for you.”
Indirect: She said that she had been waiting for me.
3. Direct: They said, “We had been living here for years.”
Indirect: They said that they had been living there for years.
4. Direct: Rohan said, “I had been studying hard.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he had been studying hard.
5. Direct: I said, “I had been feeling unwell.”
Indirect: I said that I had been feeling unwell.
6. Direct: The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I had been improving steadily.
7. Direct: She said, “He had been crying.”
Indirect: She said that he had been crying.
8. Direct: The boy said, “I had been walking in the rain.”
Indirect: The boy said that he had been walking in the rain.
9. Direct: They said, “We had been planning the event.”
Indirect: They said that they had been planning the event.
10. Direct: He said, “I had been traveling a lot.”
Indirect: He said that he had been traveling a lot.
11. Direct: She said, “I had been working on that project.”
Indirect: She said that she had been working on that project.
12. Direct: The children said, “We had been playing outside.”
Indirect: The children said that they had been playing outside.
📝 Practice Sentences - 08: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, “I had been working all night.” |
2 | She said, “I had been learning French.” |
3 | They said, “We had been waiting for the bus.” |
4 | I said, “He had been playing cricket.” |
5 | Riya said, “I had been preparing for the exam.” |
6 | He said, “She had been living in Delhi.” |
7 | She said, “We had been talking about you.” |
8 | I said, “You had been helping me.” |
9 | They said, “He had been driving too fast.” |
10 | He said, “I had been teaching at this school.” |
11 | She said, “I had been writing my novel.” |
12 | I said, “They had been working for 10 hours.” |
13 | They said, “We had been dancing at the party.” |
14 | He said, “She had been crying.” |
15 | She said, “I had been cleaning the house.” |
16 | I said, “He had been using my laptop.” |
17 | They said, “We had been organizing the event.” |
18 | He said, “I had been reading your messages.” |
19 | She said, “We had been trying to contact you.” |
20 | I said, “You had been ignoring my calls.” |
📗 [ix]. Will / Shall → Would
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the modal verbs will and shall in the reported speech usually change to would.
Model | Example |
Will / Shall | They said, “We will support our friend.” |
Would | They said that they would support their friend. |
🟢 Will/Shall → 🔵 Would
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I will help you.”
Indirect: He said that he would help me.
2. Direct: She said, “I shall be late.”
Indirect: She said that she would be late.
3. Direct: They said, “We will come tomorrow.”
Indirect: They said that they would come the next day.
4. Direct: I said, “I will call you.”
Indirect: I said that I would call him.
5. Direct: Rohan said, “I will attend the meeting.”
Indirect: Rohan said that he would attend the meeting.
6. Direct: She said, “I shall bring my notes.”
Indirect: She said that she would bring her notes.
7. Direct: He said, “She will win the race.”
Indirect: He said that she would win the race.
8. Direct: They said, “We shall complete the work.”
Indirect: They said that they would complete the work.
9. Direct: The boy said, “I will do my homework.”
Indirect: The boy said that he would do his homework.
10. Direct: She said, “I will answer the phone.”
Indirect: She said that she would answer the phone.
11. Direct: He said, “We shall leave at 5 PM.”
Indirect: He said that they would leave at 5 PM.
12. Direct: The teacher said, “You will learn this soon.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I would learn it soon.
13. Direct: She said, “I will travel next week.”
Indirect: She said that she would travel the following week.
14. Direct: I said, “I shall miss the bus.”
Indirect: I said that I would miss the bus.
15. Direct: They said, “It will rain today.”
Indirect: They said that it would rain that day.
16. Direct: He said, “I will go home early.”
Indirect: He said that he would go home early.
17. Direct: She said, “You will get the prize.”
Indirect: She said that I would get the prize.
18. Direct: The boy said, “I will never lie.”
Indirect: The boy said that he would never lie.
19. Direct: I said, “We will see the result soon.”
Indirect: I said that we would see the result soon.
20. Direct: Riya said, “I shall be ready in 10 minutes.”
Indirect: Riya said that she would be ready in 10 minutes.
21. Direct: They said, “We will support our friend.”
Indirect: They said that they would support their friend.
22. Direct: He said, “You shall have another chance.”
Indirect: He said that I would have another chance.
📝 Practice Sentences - 09: |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "I will help you." |
2 | She said, "We shall meet again." |
3 | I said, "He will be late." |
4 | They said, "We will arrive by 10 AM." |
5 | Ramesh said, "I shall return tomorrow." |
6 | She said, "He will win the competition." |
7 | The teacher said, "You will pass the test." |
8 | He said, "It will rain today." |
9 | She said, "I will always remember you." |
10 | I said, "She will call you later." |
11 | Rahul said, "We will go to the park." |
12 | He said, "They will start the meeting soon." |
13 | She said, "The baby will sleep now." |
14 | I said, "I will bring the book tomorrow." |
15 | She said, "You will enjoy the movie." |
16 | He said, "She will answer the question." |
17 | They said, "We shall work harder." |
18 | I said, "We will reach there by evening." |
19 | She said, "He will complete the project on time." |
20 | The boy said, "I will not forget this day." |
📘 [x]. Can → Could
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the modal verb can in direct speech changes to could in indirect speech.
Model | Example |
Can | They said, “We can solve this problem.” |
Could | They said that they could solve that problem. |
🟢 Can → 🔵 Could
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I can swim.”
Indirect: He said that he could swim.
2. Direct: She said, “I can cook well.”
Indirect: She said that she could cook well.
3. Direct: They said, “We can solve this problem.”
Indirect: They said that they could solve that problem.
4. Direct: I said, “I can speak English.”
Indirect: I said that I could speak English.
5. Direct: The boy said, “I can lift this box.”
Indirect: The boy said that he could lift that box.
6. Direct: She said, “I can dance.”
Indirect: She said that she could dance.
7. Direct: The teacher said, “You can do better.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I could do better.
8. Direct: He said, “I can win the game.”
Indirect: He said that he could win the game.
9. Direct: I said, “She can sing beautifully.”
Indirect: I said that she could sing beautifully.
10. Direct: Riya said, “We can come tomorrow.”
Indirect: Riya said that they could come the next day.
11. Direct: He said, “They can reach on time.”
Indirect: He said that they could reach on time.
12. Direct: She said, “I can finish this work today.”
Indirect: She said that she could finish that work that day.
13. Direct: The girl said, “I can solve this puzzle.”
Indirect: The girl said that she could solve that puzzle.
14. Direct: I said, “We can travel by train.”
Indirect: I said that we could travel by train.
15. Direct: They said, “We can help you.”
Indirect: They said that they could help me.
16. Direct: He said, “I can carry two bags.”
Indirect: He said that he could carry two bags.
17. Direct: She said, “I can play the guitar.”
Indirect: She said that she could play the guitar.
18. Direct: The student said, “I can answer this question.”
Indirect: The student said that he could answer that question.
📝 Practice Sentences - 10 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "I can run fast." |
2 | She said, "We can solve this problem." |
3 | I said, "He can lift heavy weights." |
4 | They said, "We can help you." |
5 | Riya said, "I can finish it today." |
6 | The teacher said, "You can ask questions now." |
7 | He said, "I can speak three languages." |
8 | She said, "My brother can drive a car." |
9 | I said, "You can stay here." |
10 | He said, "We can reach there by noon." |
11 | She said, "I can understand Spanish." |
12 | The child said, "I can read this book." |
13 | He said, "We can meet at the station." |
14 | She said, "He can fix the computer." |
15 | I said, "She can sing very well." |
16 | They said, "We can join the team." |
17 | Rahul said, "I can complete the project alone." |
18 | She said, "I can hear the noise from outside." |
19 | He said, "You can use my phone." |
20 | The boy said, "I can see the stars clearly." |
📙 [xi]. May → Might
जब हम Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते हैं, और reporting verb (जैसे said, told) past tense में होता है, तो "may" को बदलकर "might" कर दिया जाता है।
{a} "May" का प्रयोग अनुमति (permission), संभावना (possibility), या आशीर्वाद/शुभकामना (wish) के लिए होता है।
{b} Indirect Speech में इसे भूतकाल के अनुसार "might" में बदला जाता है।
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the modal may in the direct speech usually changes to might in indirect speech.
Model | Example |
May | I said, “It may rain today.” |
Might | I said that it might rain that day. |
🟢 May → 🔵 Might
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I may go to the market.”
Indirect: He said that he might go to the market.
2. Direct: She said, “I may come tomorrow.”
Indirect: She said that she might come the next day.
3. Direct: I said, “It may rain today.”
Indirect: I said that it might rain that day.
4. Direct: They said, “We may visit you soon.”
Indirect: They said that they might visit me soon.
5. Direct: Riya said, “He may help you.”
Indirect: Riya said that he might help me.
6. Direct: The teacher said, “You may leave now.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I might leave then.
7. Direct: She said, “I may join the class later.”
Indirect: She said that she might join the class later.
8. Direct: He said, “I may be late.”
Indirect: He said that he might be late.
9. Direct: They said, “We may go to the movie.”
Indirect: They said that they might go to the movie.
10. Direct: I said, “You may need my help.”
Indirect: I said that he might need my help.
11. Direct: The doctor said, “You may feel dizzy.”
Indirect: The doctor said that I might feel dizzy.
12. Direct: The boy said, “My father may come today.”
Indirect: The boy said that his father might come that day.
13. Direct: She said, “I may take a break.”
Indirect: She said that she might take a break.
14. Direct: He said, “It may be difficult to win.”
Indirect: He said that it might be difficult to win.
15. Direct: The man said, “She may call you.”
Indirect: The man said that she might call me.
16. Direct: The teacher said, “You may get full marks.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I might get full marks.
📝 Practice Sentences - 11 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "It may rain today." |
2 | She said, "I may come later." |
3 | I said, "He may be at home." |
4 | They said, "We may visit tomorrow." |
5 | Riya said, "It may be difficult." |
6 | The doctor said, "You may feel tired." |
7 | He said, "She may agree to the plan." |
8 | She said, "I may need help." |
9 | I said, "They may join us." |
10 | The teacher said, "You may leave early." |
11 | He said, "It may take some time." |
12 | She said, "My brother may come tonight." |
13 | I said, "She may call me later." |
14 | They said, "We may start the project soon." |
15 | Rahul said, "I may forget the date." |
16 | She said, "He may not come." |
17 | He said, "You may lose the chance." |
18 | The boy said, "It may not be true." |
19 | She said, "I may visit my grandma." |
20 | He said, "I may fail the exam." |
📕 [xii]. Must → Had to
जब हम Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते हैं और reporting verb (जैसे said, told) past tense में होता है,
तो "must" को आमतौर पर "had to" में बदल दिया जाता है।
{a} "Must" का प्रयोग अनिवार्यता (necessity), ज़रूरत (obligation), या मजबूरी (compulsion) के लिए किया जाता है।
{b} जब इसे भूतकाल में रिपोर्ट किया जाता है (Indirect Speech), तो यह "had to" बन जाता है।
Model | Example |
Must | He said, “She must reach on time.” |
Had To | He said that she had to reach on time. |
🟢 Must → 🔵 Had to
✨ Examples
1. Direct: He said, “I must go now.”
Indirect: He said that he had to go then.
2. Direct: She said, “I must finish my homework.”
Indirect: She said that she had to finish her homework.
3. Direct: I said, “We must attend the meeting.”
Indirect: I said that we had to attend the meeting.
4. Direct: They said, “We must leave early.”
Indirect: They said that they had to leave early.
5. Direct: Riya said, “You must follow the rules.”
Indirect: Riya said that I had to follow the rules.
6. Direct: He said, “She must reach on time.”
Indirect: He said that she had to reach on time.
7. Direct: The teacher said, “You must complete this task.”
Indirect: The teacher said that I had to complete that task.
8. Direct: She said, “I must take my medicine.”
Indirect: She said that she had to take her medicine.
9. Direct: The doctor said, “You must rest for a week.”
Indirect: The doctor said that I had to rest for a week.
10. Direct: I said, “We must be careful.”
Indirect: I said that we had to be careful.
11. Direct: He said, “I must call my mother.”
Indirect: He said that he had to call his mother.
12. Direct: She said, “We must bring our ID cards.”
Indirect: She said that they had to bring their ID cards.
13. Direct: They said, “Everyone must attend the session.”
Indirect: They said that everyone had to attend the session.
14. Direct: The officer said, “You must report daily.”
Indirect: The officer said that I had to report daily.
15. Direct: He said, “I must pay the bills today.”
Indirect: He said that he had to pay the bills that day.
16. Direct: She said, “He must fix the car.”
Indirect: She said that he had to fix the car.
17. Direct: I said, “You must submit the form.”
Indirect: I said that he had to submit the form.
18. Direct: The coach said, “You must practice daily.”
Indirect: The coach said that I had to practice daily.
📝 Practice Sentences - 12 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "I must go now." |
2 | She said, "We must finish the work today." |
3 | I said, "You must be careful." |
4 | They said, "We must leave early." |
5 | Riya said, "I must study for the exam." |
6 | The doctor said, "You must take this medicine." |
7 | He said, "She must reach on time." |
8 | She said, "I must clean my room." |
9 | I said, "We must follow the rules." |
10 | The teacher said, "You must complete your homework." |
11 | He said, "I must call my parents." |
12 | She said, "He must wear a uniform." |
13 | I said, "You must reach before 10." |
14 | They said, "We must pay the fees today." |
15 | Rahul said, "I must leave for office." |
16 | She said, "I must prepare lunch." |
17 | He said, "You must visit the doctor." |
18 | The boy said, "I must complete the project." |
19 | She said, "He must apologize." |
20 | He said, "I must go to the bank today." |
Tense | Structure | Example |
[i]. Simple Present → Simple Past |
Simple Present | Subject + V1 (+ s/es) | He says, "I play cricket." |
Simple Past | Subject + V2 | He said that he played cricket. |
[ii]. Present Continuous → Past Continuous |
Present Continuous | is/am/are + verb-ing | She said, "I am reading." |
Past Continuous | was/were + verb-ing | She said that she was reading. |
[iii]. Present Perfect → Past Perfect |
Present Perfect | has/have + past participle (V3) | She said, "I have finished my work." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | She said that she had finished her work. |
[iv]. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
Present Perfect Continuous | (has/have + been + V¹ + ing) | He said, “I have been working hard.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | (had + been + V¹ + ing) | He said that he had been working hard. |
[v]. Simple Past → Past Perfect |
Simple Past | V2 | He said, "I saw the movie." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | He said that he had seen the movie. |
[vi]. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Continuous | was/were + V¹ + ing | They said, “We were watching TV.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | They said that they had been watching TV. |
[vii]. Past Perfect → No Change |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.” |
No Change | - | Ramesh said that he had taken the test. |
[viii]. Past Perfect Continuous → No Change |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.” |
No Change | - | The teacher said that I had been improving steadily. |
Tense | Structure | Example |
Model | Example |
[i]. Will / Shall → Would |
Will / Shall | They said, “We will support our friend.” |
Would | They said that they would support their friend. |
[ii]. Can → Could |
Can | They said, “We can solve this problem.” |
Could | They said that they could solve that problem. |
📙 [iii]. May → Might |
May | I said, “It may rain today.” |
Might | I said that it might rain that day. |
📕 [iv]. Must → Had to |
Must | He said, “She must reach on time.” |
Had To | He said that she had to reach on time. |
Model | Example |
3️⃣ 🕰️ Time और Place शब्द बदलना
जब हम Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते हैं, तो समय (Time) और स्थान (Place) से जुड़े शब्द भी बदल जाते हैं ताकि वाक्य का अर्थ सही बना रहे।
Time & Place Words |
No. | Direct Speech में | Indirect Speech में |
1 | now | then |
2 | today | that day |
3 | tomorrow | the next day / following day |
4 | yesterday | the previous day / the day before |
5 | tonight | that night |
6 | this week | that week |
7 | last week | the previous week / the week before |
8 | next week | the following week |
9 | a year ago | a year before |
10 | here | there |
11 | this | that |
12 | these | those |
13 | henceforth | thenceforth |
14 | ago | before |
15 | just | then / a moment before |
✨ Examples
01. now → then
Direct: He said, "I am busy now."
Indirect: He said that he was busy then.
02️. today → that day
Direct: She said, "We have a test today."
Indirect: She said that they had a test that day.
03. tomorrow → the next day / following day
Direct: He said, "I will come tomorrow."
Indirect: He said that he would come the next day.
04️. yesterday → the previous day / the day before
Direct: She said, "I met him yesterday."
Indirect: She said that she had met him the previous day.
05️. tonight → that night
Direct: He said, "I am staying here tonight."
Indirect: He said that he was staying there that night.
06. this week → that week
Direct: She said, "I have meetings this week."
Indirect: She said that she had meetings that week.
07. last week → the previous week / the week before
Direct: He said, "I visited Delhi last week."
Indirect: He said that he had visited Delhi the previous week.
08. next week → the following week
Direct: She said, "I will start classes next week."
Indirect: She said that she would start classes the following week.
09. a year ago → a year before
Direct: He said, "I joined this company a year ago."
Indirect: He said that he had joined that company a year before.
10. here → there
Direct: She said, "I am staying here."
Indirect: She said that she was staying there.
11. this → that
Direct: He said, "This book is mine."
Indirect: He said that that book was his.
12. these → those
Direct: She said, "These shoes are expensive."
Indirect: She said that those shoes were expensive.
13. henceforth → thenceforth
Direct: He said, "I will not lie henceforth."
Indirect: He said that he would not lie thenceforth.
14. ago → before
Direct: She said, "I met him two days ago."
Indirect: She said that she had met him two days before.
15. just → then / a moment before
Direct: He said, "I have just finished my work."
Indirect: He said that he had just finished his work.
(or: he had finished his work a moment before.)
16. Direct: He said, "I will come tomorrow."
Indirect: He said that he would come the next day.
16. Direct: She said, "I met him yesterday."
Indirect: She said that she had met him the previous day.
18. Direct: He said, "I am here now."
Indirect: He said that he was there then.
19. Direct: They said, "We will travel next week."
Indirect: They said that they would travel the following week.
20. Direct: She said, "This book is mine."
Indirect: She said that that book was hers.
📝 Practice Sentences - 13 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | She said, "I will meet you tomorrow." |
2 | He said, "We went to the zoo yesterday." |
3 | Riya said, "I am busy now." |
4 | He said, "My brother will come tonight." |
5 | They said, "We have a test today." |
6 | She said, "I am going to London next week." |
7 | He said, "I completed the course last week." |
8 | The teacher said, "We will discuss this next class." |
9 | She said, "I saw him a year ago." |
10 | He said, "I live here." |
11 | They said, "We will leave now." |
12 | She said, "I will call you tonight." |
13 | He said, "This book is interesting." |
14 | She said, "These apples are fresh." |
15 | He said, "I will never lie henceforth." |
16 | She said, "I met him two days ago." |
17 | He said, "I have just finished the work." |
18 | They said, "We are meeting here." |
19 | She said, "I bought this phone yesterday." |
20 | He said, "I will start a new job next month." |
🗣️ Part 4: Types of Sentences in Narration
A. Assertive Sentences (साधारण कथन)
वह वाक्य जो केवल कोई साधारण बात या सूचना देता है।
Structure | Example |
Subject + said / told + “Statement sentence” | He said, “I am fine.” |
Subject + said / told + (object) + that + Statement (tense बदला जाएगा) | He said that he was fine. |
[i] "said" → जब कोई object नहीं हो
Direct: He said, “I am fine.”
Indirect: He said that he was fine.
[ii] "told" → जब object हो
Direct: She said to me, “You are very kind.”
Indirect: She told me that I was very kind.
Tense | Structure | Example |
Simple Present | Subject + V1 (+ s/es) | He says, "I play cricket." |
Simple Past | Subject + V2 | He said that he played cricket. |
Present Continuous | is/am/are + verb-ing | She said, "I am reading." |
Past Continuous | was/were + verb-ing | She said that she was reading. |
Present Perfect | has/have + past participle (V3) | She said, "I have finished my work." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | She said that she had finished her work. |
Present Perfect Continuous | (has/have + been + V¹ + ing) | He said, “I have been working hard.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | (had + been + V¹ + ing) | He said that he had been working hard. |
Simple Past | V2 | He said, "I saw the movie." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | He said that he had seen the movie. |
Past Continuous | was/were + V¹ + ing | They said, “We were watching TV.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | They said that they had been watching TV. |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.” |
No Change | - | Ramesh said that he had taken the test. |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.” |
No Change | - | The teacher said that I had been improving steadily. |
Tense | Structure | Example |
[i] Affirmative Sentences - जो बात को स्वीकार करते हैं
Example:
01.Direct: He told me, “You are intelligent.”
Indirect: He told me that I was intelligent.
02.Direct: She said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: She said that she was tired.
03.Direct: He said, “We play cricket.”
Indirect: He said that they played cricket.
04.Direct: They said, “We have completed the task.”
Indirect: They said that they had completed the task.
05.Direct: She said to me, “You are my best friend.”
Indirect: She told me that I was her best friend.
06.Direct: I said, “He will come tomorrow.”
.Indirect: I said that he would come the next day.
[ii] Negative (नकारात्मक) — जो बात को नकारते हैं
Example:
01.Direct: He told me, “You are not intelligent.”
Indirect: He told me that I was not intelligent.
02.Direct: She said, “I am not tired.”
Indirect: She said that she was not tired.
03.Direct: He said, “We do not play cricket.”
Indirect: He said that they did not play cricket.
04.Direct: They said, “We have not completed the task.”
Indirect: They said that they had not completed the task.
05.Direct: She said to me, “You are not my best friend.”
Indirect: She told me that I was not her best friend.
06.Direct: I said, “He will not come tomorrow.”
.Indirect: I said that he would not come the next day.
B. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक)
A. Yes/No Questions
➡ asked if / whether
Rule-1: Reporting Verb (रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब):
Direct Speech में जो वर्ब (क्रिया) होता है, उसे बदलना होता है। आमतौर पर "said" को "asked" में बदल दिया जाता है क्योंकि यह सवाल पूछा जा रहा होता है।
"Said" को "asked" या "inquired" में बदलते हैं, क्योंकि यह सवाल पूछने के संदर्भ में होता है।
Example:
Direct: He said, "Do you like coffee?"
Indirect: He asked if I liked coffee.
Rule-2: Use of "if" or "whether" ( "if" या "whether" का प्रयोग):
जब सवाल Yes/No प्रकार का होता है (जवाब हां या नहीं में दिया जा सकता है), तो हम "if" या "whether" का इस्तेमाल करते हैं। इनका मतलब "क्या" होता है।
"if" और "whether" का प्रयोग indirect speech में जोड़ा जाता है ताकि यह बताया जा सके कि किसी ने सवाल पूछा था।
Example:
Direct: She asked, "Can you help me?"
Indirect: She asked if I could help her.
(यहां "if" का प्रयोग हुआ है।)
Rule-3: Tense Backshift (समय का परिवर्तन):जब Reporting verb Past tense में होता है (जैसे "asked", "wondered"), तो verb (क्रिया) का समय भी बदल जाता है। इसे backshift कहते हैं।
Tense Shift (समय का परिवर्तन) में कुछ मुख्य बदलाव होते हैं:
[i] Present Simple → Past Simple
जैसे: "You like coffee?" → "He asked if you liked coffee."
[ii] Will → Would
जैसे: "Will you go?" → "He asked if you would go."
[iii] Can → Could
जैसे: "Can you help?" → "She asked if I could help."
[iv] Do/Does → Did
जैसे: "Do you understand?" → "He asked if you understood."
Example:
Direct: He asked, "Do you not like chocolate?"
Indirect: He asked if I did not liked chocolate.
(यहां "Do" को "Did" में बदल दिया गया है।)
Rule-4: Pronouns (सर्वनामों का परिवर्तन):
Pronouns (सर्वनामों) का change भी होता है क्योंकि indirect speech में subject या person बदल सकता है।
"You" → "I," "he," "she," "they," depending on who the speaker is.
Example:
Direct: He asked, "Will you come to the meeting?"
Indirect: He asked if I would come to the meeting.
(यहां "You" को "I" में बदल दिया गया है।)
Change pronouns according to person |
Person | SON |
1 = First Person | S = Subject के अनुसार |
2 = Second Person | O = Object के अनुसार |
3 = Third Person | N = No Change |
Person Table in English |
Person | Subject | Object | Possessive Adjective | Possessive |
1 = First Person | I, We | me, us | my, our | mine, ours |
2 = Second Person | you | you | your | yours |
3 = Third Person | he, she, it, they | him, her, it, them | his, her, its, their | his, hers, its, theirs |
Rule-5: Question Mark Removal (प्रश्न चिह्न का हटना):
Direct Speech में जो question mark (?) होता है, उसे Indirect Speech में हटा दिया जाता है, क्योंकि अब वाक्य एक statement (साधारण वाक्य) बन जाता है।
Example:
Direct: He asked, "Do you like coffee?"
Indirect: He asked if I liked coffee.
(यहां प्रश्न चिह्न हटा दिया गया है।)
Examples
1:Direct: He asked, "Do you like ice cream?"
Indirect: He asked if I liked ice cream.
("Do" changes to "did")
2:Direct: She asked, "Can you help me?"
Indirect: She asked if I could help her.
("Can" changes to "could")
3:Direct: They asked, "Will you come to the party?"
Indirect: They asked if I would come to the party.
("Will" changes to "would")
4:Direct: He asked, "Are you coming with us?"
Indirect: He asked if I was coming with them.
("Are" changes to "was")
5:Direct: She asked, "Did you finish your homework?"
Indirect: She asked if I had finished my homework.
("Did" changes to "had")
6:Direct: I asked, "Do you know her?"
Indirect: I asked if you knew her.
("Do" changes to "did")
7:Direct: They asked, "Is she coming to the meeting?"
Indirect: They asked if she was coming to the meeting.
("Is" changes to "was")
8:Direct: He asked, "Will you be here tomorrow?"
Indirect: He asked if I would be there tomorrow.
("Will" changes to "would")
9:Direct: She asked, "Can I borrow your book?"
Indirect: She asked if she could borrow my book.
("Can" changes to "could")
10:Direct: He asked, "Do you like playing football?"
Indirect: He asked if I liked playing football.
("Do" changes to "did")
11:Direct: They asked, "Are you coming to the concert?"
Indirect: They asked if I was coming to the concert.
("Are" changes to "was")
12:Direct: She asked, "Have you finished your lunch?"
Indirect: She asked if I had finished my lunch.
("Have" changes to "had")
13:Direct: I asked, "Will you help me with this?"
Indirect: I asked if you would help me with this.
("Will" changes to "would")
14:Direct: He asked, "Can you understand this?"
Indirect: He asked if I could understand this.
("Can" changes to "could")
15:Direct: She asked, "Do you want to go to the movies?"
Indirect: She asked if I wanted to go to the movies.
("Do" changes to "did")
16:Direct: They asked, "Have you met the new teacher?"
Indirect: They asked if I had met the new teacher.
("Have" changes to "had")
17:Direct: He asked, "Will it rain tomorrow?"
Indirect: He asked if it would rain tomorrow.
("Will" changes to "would")
18:Direct: She asked, "Is he ready to leave?"
Indirect: She asked if he was ready to leave.
("Is" changes to "was")
19:Direct: They asked, "Are you going to the party tonight?"
Indirect: They asked if I was going to the party tonight.
("Are" changes to "was")
20:Direct: He asked, "Do you understand the problem?"
Indirect: He asked if I understood the problem.
("Do" changes to "did")
21:Direct: She asked, "Can you help me?"
Indirect: She asked if I could help her.
"Can" changes to "could" because of the backshift in tense.
"You" changes to "I" based on the subject of the sentence.
22:Direct: He said, "Do you like coffee?"
Indirect: He asked if I liked coffee.
"Do" changes to "did" (backshift in tense).
"You" changes to "I".
23:Direct: They asked, "Will you go to the party?"
Indirect: They asked if I would go to the party.
"Will" changes to "would" (backshift in tense).
24:Direct: She asked, "Do you have any questions?"
Indirect: She asked if I had any questions.
"Do" changes to "did".
25:Direct: He asked, "Is she coming with us?"
Indirect: He asked if she was coming with us.
"Is" changes to "was" (backshift in tense).
26:Direct: I asked, "Are they coming to the meeting?"
Indirect: I asked if they were coming to the meeting.
"Are" changes to "were" (backshift in tense).
27:Direct: He asked, "Do you like pizza?"
Indirect: He asked if I liked pizza.
"Do" changes to "did".
28:Direct: She asked, "Can I borrow your book?"
Indirect: She asked if she could borrow my book.
"Can" changes to "could".
29:Direct: They asked, "Have you seen the movie?"
Indirect: They asked if I had seen the movie.
"Have" changes to "had" (past perfect tense).
30:Direct: He asked, "Will they arrive on time?"
Indirect: He asked if they would arrive on time.
"Will" changes to "would".
📝 Practice Sentences - 14 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "Do you play cricket?" |
2 | She said, "Are you hungry?" |
3 | John said, "Have you finished your homework?" |
4 | They said, "Will it rain today?" |
5 | Rani said, "Can you speak French?" |
6 | He said, "Is it cold outside?" |
7 | She said, "Did you call me yesterday?" |
8 | The teacher said, "Are you listening?" |
9 | Rahul said, "Shall we go for a walk?" |
10 | She said, "Do you know the answer?" |
11 | He said, "Have you ever been to Goa?" |
12 | She said, "Do they live here?" |
13 | Mom said, "Have you eaten lunch?" |
14 | He said, "Is your brother at home?" |
15 | The guard said, "Are you a visitor?" |
16 | Neha said, "Do you like chocolates?" |
17 | He said, "Did you see the movie?" |
18 | They said, "Can we help you?" |
19 | Rohan said, "Is this your bag?" |
20 | She said, "Are you feeling okay?" |
21 | He said, "Do you work here?" |
22 | Teacher said, "Are you ready for the test?" |
23 | Father said, "Have you done your chores?" |
24 | She said, "Is he coming with us?" |
25 | He said, "Can you drive?" |
26 | She said, "Will you attend the meeting?" |
27 | Ravi said, "Did you enjoy the party?" |
28 | She said, "Are you free tomorrow?" |
29 | He said, "Has the train arrived?" |
30 | They said, "Is your name on the list?" |
31 | She said, "Have you ever seen snow?" |
32 | He said, "Do you want some tea?" |
33 | The officer said, "Are you carrying ID?" |
34 | Riya said, "Will you call me later?" |
35 | He said, "Is there any problem?" |
36 | She said, "Can I borrow your pen?" |
37 | He said, "Are we late?" |
38 | She said, "Did he tell you the truth?" |
39 | They said, "Will you join us?" |
40 | He said, "Was the food tasty?" |
41 | Mom said, "Are you coming home early?" |
42 | The boy said, "Have you seen my phone?" |
43 | She said, "Do you believe in magic?" |
44 | He said, "Is this your first time?" |
45 | They said, "Can we sit here?" |
46 | He said, "Will it take long?" |
47 | She said, "Do you like painting?" |
48 | He said, "Have you locked the door?" |
49 | She said, "Are you coming with me?" |
50 | He said, "Did she call you?" |
B. WH Questions (What, Why, When, etc.)
➡ WH-word बना रहता है
Direct: He said, "Where are you going?"
Indirect: He asked where I was going.
🔹 Rule 1: Reporting Verb
➡ यदि Reporting Verb (said, asked, etc.) Past Tense में हो, तो Reported Speech का Tense भी बदलेगा।
Examples:
[i] said → asked
[ii] said to → asked
🔹 Rule 2: WH-word जैसा का तैसा रहता है
WH-words (What, Why, When, Where, Who, etc.) Indirect Speech में भी रहते हैं, हटते नहीं।
[i] What – क्या
[ii] Why – क्यों
[ii] When – कब
[iv] Where – कहाँ
[v] Who – कौन
[vi] Whom – किसे
[vii] Whose – किसका
[viii] Which – कौन-सा
[ix] How – कैसे
[x] How much – कितना (noncountable number)
[xi] How many – कितने (countable number)
Rule 3: Question Structure बदलकर Statement Structure बन जाता है
👉 Direct Speech में structure होता है:
WH-word + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb
👉 Indirect Speech में structure होगा:
WH-word + Subject + Verb (tense बदलेगा)
❌ Wrong: He asked where was I going.
✅ Correct: He asked where I was going.
Rule 4: Tense Changes (if Reporting Verb is in Past)
Tense | Structure | Example |
[i]. Simple Present → Simple Past |
Simple Present | Subject + V1 (+ s/es) | He says, "I play cricket." |
Simple Past | Subject + V2 | He said that he played cricket. |
[ii]. Present Continuous → Past Continuous |
Present Continuous | is/am/are + verb-ing | She said, "I am reading." |
Past Continuous | was/were + verb-ing | She said that she was reading. |
[iii]. Present Perfect → Past Perfect |
Present Perfect | has/have + past participle (V3) | She said, "I have finished my work." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | She said that she had finished her work. |
[iv]. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
Present Perfect Continuous | (has/have + been + V¹ + ing) | He said, “I have been working hard.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | (had + been + V¹ + ing) | He said that he had been working hard. |
[v]. Simple Past → Past Perfect |
Simple Past | V2 | He said, "I saw the movie." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | He said that he had seen the movie. |
[vi]. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Continuous | was/were + V¹ + ing | They said, “We were watching TV.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | They said that they had been watching TV. |
[vii]. Past Perfect → No Change |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.” |
No Change | - | Ramesh said that he had taken the test. |
[viii]. Past Perfect Continuous → No Change |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.” |
No Change | - | The teacher said that I had been improving steadily. |
Tense | Structure | Example |
Model
Model | Example |
[i]. Will / Shall → Would |
Will / Shall | They said, “We will support our friend.” |
Would | They said that they would support their friend. |
[ii]. Can → Could |
Can | They said, “We can solve this problem.” |
Could | They said that they could solve that problem. |
📙 [iii]. May → Might |
May | I said, “It may rain today.” |
Might | I said that it might rain that day. |
📕 [iv]. Must → Had to |
Must | He said, “She must reach on time.” |
Had To | He said that she had to reach on time. |
Model | Example |
Rule 5: Pronoun Changes
Pronouns (I, you, he, she, etc.) sentence के Subject और Object के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
Person Table in English |
Person | Subject | Object | Possessive Adjective | Possessive |
1 = First Person | I, We | me, us | my, our | mine, ours |
2 = Second Person | you | you | your | yours |
3 = Third Person | he, she, it, they | him, her, it, them | his, her, its, their | his, hers, its, theirs |
Change pronouns according to person |
Person | SON |
1 = First Person | S = Subject के अनुसार |
2 = Second Person | O = Object के अनुसार |
3 = Third Person | N = No Change |
Rule 6: Adverb of Time & Place Change
No. | Direct Speech में | Indirect Speech में |
1 | Now | Then |
2 | Today | That day |
3 | Tomorrow | The next day / following day |
4 | Yesterday | The previous day / the day before |
5 | To night | That night |
6 | This week | That week |
7 | Last week | The previous week / the week before |
8 | Next week | The following week |
9 | A year ago | A year before |
10 | Here | There |
11 | This | That |
12 | These | Those |
13 | Henceforth | Thenceforth |
14 | Ago | Before |
15 | Just | Then / A moment before |
Examples
("What")
1:Direct: He said, “What do you want?”
Indirect: He asked what I wanted.
("Why")
2:Direct: She said, “Why are you crying?”
Indirect: She asked why I was crying.
("When")
3:Direct: He said, “When will you come?”
Indirect: He asked when I would come.
("Where")
4:Direct: She said, “Where is your bag?”
Indirect: She asked where my bag was.
("Who")
5:Direct: He said, “Who called me?”
Indirect: He asked who had called him.
("Whom")
6:Direct: She said, “Whom did you meet?”
Indirect:She asked whom I had met.
("Whose")
7:Direct: He said, “Whose pen is this?”
Indirect: He asked whose pen that was.
("Which")
8:Direct: She said, “Which book do you want?”
Indirect: She asked which book I wanted.
("How")
9:Direct: He said, “How do you make tea?”
Indirect: He asked how I made tea.
("How much")
10:Direct: She said, “How much money do you need?”
Indirect: She asked how much money I needed.
("How many")
11:Direct: He said, “How many students were absent?”
Indirect: He asked how many students had been absent.
📝 Practice Sentences - 15 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "What is your name?" |
2 | She said, "Why are you crying?" |
3 | Rahul said, "When will you come?" |
4 | They said, "Where do you live?" |
5 | Rani said, "Who is your best friend?" |
6 | He said, "Which book do you want?" |
7 | She said, "How do you make tea?" |
8 | The teacher said, "Why are you late?" |
9 | He said, "When did you see her?" |
10 | She said, "Where have you been?" |
11 | He said, "What are you doing?" |
12 | She said, "How was your exam?" |
13 | Father said, "Why didn’t you call me?" |
14 | He said, "Where will you stay tonight?" |
15 | She said, "What did you eat for lunch?" |
16 | They said, "When is your birthday?" |
17 | He said, "Who broke the window?" |
18 | She said, "How old are you?" |
19 | The child said, "Why is the sky blue?" |
20 | He said, "What do you want?" |
21 | She said, "Where can I find the keys?" |
22 | He said, "Which way should we go?" |
23 | The man said, "How do I open this box?" |
24 | She said, "Who wrote this letter?" |
25 | He said, "When will the train arrive?" |
26 | She said, "Why are they shouting?" |
27 | The teacher said, "How do you solve this?" |
28 | He said, "Where did you put the file?" |
29 | She said, "What is he doing now?" |
30 | He said, "How can I reach the airport?" |
31 | She said, "Why is he angry?" |
32 | They said, "Who will lead the team?" |
33 | He said, "Which color do you like?" |
34 | She said, "What happened here?" |
35 | He said, "When did they leave?" |
36 | She said, "How much money do you have?" |
37 | He said, "Where is your bag?" |
38 | They said, "Why are you so tired?" |
39 | She said, "How many students are in your class?" |
40 | He said, "Who was at the door?" |
41 | She said, "When can we meet?" |
42 | He said, "Why are you laughing?" |
43 | She said, "Where did you buy this dress?" |
44 | He said, "What made you cry?" |
45 | She said, "How long will it take?" |
46 | He said, "Who told you the news?" |
47 | She said, "When did you arrive?" |
48 | He said, "Where can I park my bike?" |
49 | She said, "Why is she not answering?" |
50 | He said, "How do you use this app?" |
C. Imperative Sentences (आदेश, निवेदन, सुझाव)
🧱 Structure:
Direct: Subject + said to + Object + , “Verb...”
Indirect: Subject + told/asked/ordered/requested + Object + to/not to + Verb…
Rule-1: Reporting Verb का चुनाव
Reporting Verb वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार बदलेगा:
हिंदी | अंग्रेज़ी | उदाहरण (Reporting Verb) |
आदेश | Command / Order | told, ordered |
निवेदन | Request | requested, asked |
सलाह | Advice | advised, suggested |
मनाही | Prohibition | warned, told not to |
निमंत्रण | Invitation | invited |
प्रेरणा | Encouragement / Urge | encouraged, urged |
विनती | Plea / Begging | begged, pleaded |
1. आदेश (Order)
📌 Reporting Verb: told / ordered
🔹Direct: He said, “Close the door.”
🔸Indirect: He told me to close the door.
2. निवेदन (Request)
📌 Reporting Verb: requested
🔹Direct: She said, “Please help me.”
🔸Indirect: She requested me to help her.
3. सलाह (Advice)
📌 Reporting Verb: advised
🔹Direct: The doctor said, “Take medicine on time.”
🔸Indirect: The doctor advised me to take medicine on time.
4. मनाही (Prohibition)
📌 Reporting Verb: told / warned + not to
🔹Direct: He said, “Don’t smoke here.”
🔸Indirect: He told me not to smoke there.
5. निमंत्रण (Invitation)
📌 Reporting Verb: invited
🔹Direct: She said, “Come to my birthday party.”
🔸Indirect: She invited me to come to her birthday party.
6. प्रेरणा (Encouragement / Motivation)
📌 Reporting Verb: encouraged / urged
🔹Direct: The coach said, “Keep practicing daily.”
🔸Indirect: The coach encouraged me to keep practicing daily.
7. विनती (Begging / Pleading)
📌 Reporting Verb: begged / pleaded
🔹Direct: The poor man said, “Please give me some food.”
🔸Indirect: The poor man begged me to give him some food.
Rule-2: To-infinitive का प्रयोग
Imperative sentence को indirect speech में बदलते समय main verb से पहले ‘to’ लगाया जाता है।
🔹 Example:
1: Direct: He said, “Sit down.”
Indirect: He told me to sit down.
2: Direct: She said, “Please help me.”
Indirect: She requested me to help her.
3: Direct: The teacher said, “Write your name.”
Indirect: The teacher told us to write our name.
4: Direct: Father said, “Drive carefully.”
Indirect: Father advised me to drive carefully.
5:Direct: They said, “Come with us.”
Indirect: They invited me to come with them.
6:Direct: He said, “Sit down.”
Indirect: He told me to sit down.
Rule-3: Negative Imperative (मना करना)
Do not या Don’t वाले वाक्य में "not to" का प्रयोग होता है।
✨ Examples:
1: Direct: He said, “Don’t shout.”
Indirect: He told me not to shout.
2: Direct: She said, “Don’t be late.”
Indirect: She advised me not to be late.
3: Direct: The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class.”
Indirect: The teacher told us not to talk in class.
4: Direct: Mother said, “Don’t touch the stove.”
Indirect: Mother warned me not to touch the stove.
5: Direct: He said, “Don’t go there.”
Indirect: He told me not to go there.
6:Direct: He said, “Don’t shout.”
Indirect: He told me not to shout.
📝 Practice Sentences - 16 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "Open the door." |
2 | She said, "Please help me." |
3 | The teacher said, "Finish your work." |
4 | He said, "Don’t make noise." |
5 | She said, "Please sit down." |
6 | Father said, "Work hard." |
7 | The doctor said, "Take this medicine." |
8 | She said, "Don’t go outside." |
9 | He said, "Be honest." |
10 | She said, "Don’t waste your time." |
11 | Mom said, "Clean your room." |
12 | He said, "Please lend me your pen." |
13 | The policeman said, "Show me your ID." |
14 | The teacher said, "Don’t cheat in the exam." |
15 | She said, "Please wait here." |
16 | He said, "Call the doctor immediately." |
17 | They said, "Don’t touch this wire." |
18 | He said, "Let me go." |
19 | She said, "Let him speak." |
20 | Father said, "Save money." |
21 | The nurse said, "Take rest." |
22 | He said, "Don’t tell lies." |
23 | She said, "Help your brother." |
24 | The officer said, "Sign this document." |
25 | The teacher said, "Revise your lessons." |
26 | He said, "Don’t open this box." |
27 | She said, "Please forgive me." |
28 | He said, "Don’t speak loudly." |
29 | The judge said, "Tell the truth." |
30 | Mom said, "Don’t eat junk food." |
31 | She said, "Please call me later." |
32 | He said, "Follow the rules." |
33 | The coach said, "Practice daily." |
34 | He said, "Let’s go out." |
35 | She said, "Let’s start the work." |
36 | He said, "Please bring me some water." |
37 | The teacher said, "Keep quiet." |
38 | He said, "Be kind to others." |
39 | She said, "Don’t look at me." |
40 | They said, "Stay at home." |
41 | He said, "Switch off the fan." |
42 | She said, "Wash your hands." |
43 | He said, "Let us wait here." |
44 | The officer said, "March forward." |
45 | He said, "Please don’t leave me." |
46 | She said, "Take care of yourself." |
47 | The manager said, "Submit the report." |
48 | She said, "Don’t forget your bag." |
49 | He said, "Please open the window." |
50 | The guide said, "Follow me." |
D. Exclamatory Sentences (विस्मयादिबोधक)
Exclamatory Sentences वे होते हैं जिनमें भावनाओं (Emotion) को जोर से या आश्चर्य, खुशी, दुख आदि के साथ व्यक्त किया जाता है।
जैसे:
[i] What a wonderful idea!
[ii] How beautiful she is!
[iii] Alas! He is dead.
[iv] Hurrah! We won the match.
Rule 1: Reporting Verb का परिवर्तन
Said को बदलते हैं:
[a] ➤ exclaimed with joy (खुशी के लिए)
[b] ➤ exclaimed with sorrow (दुख के लिए)
[c] ➤ exclaimed with wonder (आश्चर्य के लिए)
[d] ➤ exclaimed with regret (पछतावे के लिए)
[e] ➤ exclaimed with delight, exclaimed sadly — context के अनुसार।
✅ [a] ➤ exclaimed with joy (खुशी के लिए)
1.Direct: He said, “Hurrah! We won the match.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
2.Direct: She said, “Wow! I got the job.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with joy that she had got the job.
✅ [b] ➤ exclaimed with sorrow (दुख के लिए)
1.Direct: He said, “Alas! My friend is no more.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that his friend was no more.
2.Direct: She said, “Oh! I broke the vase.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had broken the vase.
✅ [c] ➤ exclaimed with wonder (आश्चर्य के लिए)
1.Direct: He said, “What a huge building it is!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a huge building.
2Direct: She said, “How fast he runs!”
Indirect: She exclaimed with wonder that he ran very fast.
✅ [d] ➤ exclaimed with regret (पछतावे के लिए)
1.Direct: He said, “What a fool I was!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with regret that he had been a fool.
2.Direct: She said, “I wish I had studied harder.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with regret that she had not studied harder.
✅ [e] ➤ exclaimed with delight / exclaimed sadly (संदर्भ के अनुसार — संदर्भ देखकर चयन करें)
1.Direct: They said, “This place is amazing!”
Indirect: They exclaimed with delight that the place was amazing.
2.Direct: He said, “Oh no! I missed the train.”
Indirect: He exclaimed sadly that he had missed the train.
3.Direct: She said, “Hurray! Exams are over.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with delight that the exams were over.
Rule 2: Sentence को assertive (साधारण वाक्य) में बदलना
Exclamatory वाक्य को Indirect में बदलते समय, उसे एक सामान्य कथन (Assertive Sentence) में बदला जाता है।
Example:
1️⃣ Direct: He said, "What a wonderful surprise!"
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that it was a wonderful surprise.
2️⃣Direct: She said, "How lovely the flowers are!"
Indirect: She exclaimed with wonder that the flowers were very lovely.
3️⃣Direct: They said, "Hurrah! We completed the project!"
Indirect: They exclaimed with joy that they had completed the project.
4️⃣Direct: He said, "Alas! I lost my wallet."
Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his wallet.
5️⃣Direct: She said, "What a terrible storm it is!"
Indirect: She exclaimed with fear that it was a terrible storm.
6. Direct: He said, "What a beautiful day!"
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that it was a beautiful day.
🎯 Rule 3: Exclamations जैसे ‘What’, ‘How’, ‘Alas’, ‘Hurrah’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Oh’, etc. को हटाना
इनकी जगह भावना को व्यक्त करने वाला reporting verb डालना होता है।
1️⃣Direct: He said, “What a beautiful painting!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a beautiful painting.
(➡ "What" हटा, और भावना अनुसार "exclaimed with wonder" जोड़ा गया)
2️⃣Direct: She said, “Hurrah! I won the prize.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with joy that she had won the prize.
(➡ "Hurrah!" हटा, "exclaimed with joy" जोड़ा गया)
3️⃣Direct: They said, “Alas! Our dog is dead.”
Indirect: They exclaimed with sorrow that their dog was dead.
(➡ "Alas!" हटा, "exclaimed with sorrow" जोड़ा गया)
4️⃣Direct: He said, “Oh! I forgot the keys.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with regret that he had forgotten the keys.
(➡ "Oh!" हटा, "exclaimed with regret" जोड़ा गया)
5️⃣Direct: She said, “Bravo! You did it!”
Indirect: She exclaimed with admiration that I had done it.
(➡ "Bravo!" हटा, "exclaimed with admiration" जोड़ा गया)
✨ Examples
🟢 Joy (खुशी)
Direct: He said, “Hurrah! We won the match.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
🔵 Sorrow (दुख)
Direct: She said, “Alas! I lost my purse.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse.
🟣 Surprise / Wonder (आश्चर्य)
Direct: He said, “What a big animal it is!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a big animal.
🟡 Praise / Admiration (प्रशंसा)
Direct: She said, “How smart you are!”
Indirect: She exclaimed with admiration that I was very smart.
🔴 Regret / Shame (पछतावा / लज्जा)
Direct: He said, “What a shame!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with regret that it was a shameful thing.
🟠 Delight (उल्लास)
Direct: They said, “Wow! The plan worked perfectly.”
Indirect: They exclaimed with delight that the plan had worked perfectly.
💡 ध्यान दें:
Indirect Speech में full stop (.) का प्रयोग होता है, ना कि exclamation (!)
Tense परिवर्तन हमेशा सामान्य rules के अनुसार होगा।
Tense | Structure | Example |
[i]. Simple Present → Simple Past |
Simple Present | Subject + V1 (+ s/es) | He says, "I play cricket." |
Simple Past | Subject + V2 | He said that he played cricket. |
[ii]. Present Continuous → Past Continuous |
Present Continuous | is/am/are + verb-ing | She said, "I am reading." |
Past Continuous | was/were + verb-ing | She said that she was reading. |
[iii]. Present Perfect → Past Perfect |
Present Perfect | has/have + past participle (V3) | She said, "I have finished my work." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | She said that she had finished her work. |
[iv]. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
Present Perfect Continuous | (has/have + been + V¹ + ing) | He said, “I have been working hard.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | (had + been + V¹ + ing) | He said that he had been working hard. |
[v]. Simple Past → Past Perfect |
Simple Past | V2 | He said, "I saw the movie." |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | He said that he had seen the movie. |
[vi]. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Continuous | was/were + V¹ + ing | They said, “We were watching TV.” |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | They said that they had been watching TV. |
[vii]. Past Perfect → No Change |
Past Perfect | had + past participle (V3) | Ramesh said, “I had taken the test.” |
No Change | - | Ramesh said that he had taken the test. |
[viii]. Past Perfect Continuous → No Change |
Past Perfect Continuous | had been + V¹ + ing | The teacher said, “You had been improving steadily.” |
No Change | - | The teacher said that I had been improving steadily. |
Tense | Structure | Example |
Model | Example |
[i]. Will / Shall → Would |
Will / Shall | They said, “We will support our friend.” |
Would | They said that they would support their friend. |
[ii]. Can → Could |
Can | They said, “We can solve this problem.” |
Could | They said that they could solve that problem. |
📙 [iii]. May → Might |
May | I said, “It may rain today.” |
Might | I said that it might rain that day. |
📕 [iv]. Must → Had to |
Must | He said, “She must reach on time.” |
Had To | He said that she had to reach on time. |
Model | Example |
📝 Practice Sentences - 17 |
No. | Direct Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
1 | He said, "What a beautiful place!" |
2 | She said, "How lovely the weather is!" |
3 | He said, "Alas! I am ruined." |
4 | She said, "Hurrah! We won the match." |
5 | He said, "What a horrible accident!" |
6 | She said, "How fast he runs!" |
7 | He said, "Bravo! You did well." |
8 | She said, "Oh no! I forgot my phone." |
9 | They said, "What a great idea!" |
10 | He said, "How sweet the music is!" |
11 | She said, "What a fool I was!" |
12 | He said, "Oh! That’s unbelievable." |
13 | She said, "Hurrah! The exam is over." |
14 | He said, "Fie! You cheated me." |
15 | She said, "What a pity!" |
16 | They said, "Wow! What a performance!" |
17 | He said, "Alas! He is dead." |
18 | She said, "Oh God! Help me." |
19 | He said, "What a wonderful surprise!" |
20 | She said, "How peaceful this place is!" |
21 | He said, "Oh! I lost my wallet." |
22 | They said, "Hurrah! We are safe." |
23 | She said, "What a smart boy he is!" |
24 | He said, "Ah! I missed the train." |
25 | She said, "How beautiful the sunset is!" |
26 | He said, "What a goal!" |
27 | She said, "Alas! My brother is sick." |
28 | He said, "What a mess you made!" |
29 | She said, "Oh no! I’m late again." |
30 | They said, "Hurrah! Our team reached the finals." |
31 | He said, "How nicely she dances!" |
32 | She said, "Wow! That dress is amazing." |
33 | He said, "What a shame!" |
34 | She said, "Oh! That hurt." |
35 | He said, "Alas! He failed the exam." |
36 | They said, "Hurrah! We are going to picnic." |
37 | She said, "How kind of you!" |
38 | He said, "What an exciting movie!" |
39 | She said, "Oh no! I spilled the juice." |
40 | He said, "Bravo! You saved the child." |
41 | They said, "How tall he is!" |
42 | She said, "What a delicious meal!" |
43 | He said, "Wow! You finished early." |
44 | She said, "Alas! We lost the game." |
45 | He said, "How rude of him!" |
46 | She said, "What a rainy day!" |
47 | He said, "Oh dear! The phone is dead." |
48 | They said, "Hurrah! Holidays have started." |
49 | She said, "How clean this place is!" |
50 | He said, "What a stupid mistake I made!" |
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🔔 सब्सक्राइब करें
[i]. Simple Present → Simple Past |
📝 Practice Sentences - 01: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer sheet |
1 | She said, "I like ice cream." | She said that she liked ice cream. |
2 | They said, "We go to school daily." | They said that they went to school daily. |
3 | He said, "I play football." | He said that he played football. |
4 | I said, "You sing well." | I said that you sang well. |
5 | Rahul said, "I clean my room." | Rahul said that he cleaned his room. |
6 | She said, "He reads the newspaper." | She said that he read the newspaper. |
7 | Riya said, "I watch cartoons every day." | Riya said that she watched cartoons every day. |
8 | They said, "We walk in the morning." | They said that they walked in the morning. |
9 | He said, "She dances beautifully." | He said that she danced beautifully. |
10 | She said, "He drinks milk." | She said that he drank milk. |
11 | I said, "You are very helpful." | I said that you were very helpful. |
12 | Teacher said, "You come late every day." | Teacher said that I came late every day. |
13 | He said, "I open the shop at 9 a.m." | He said that he opened the shop at 9 a.m. |
14 | She said, "My brother plays football." | She said that her brother played football. |
15 | Mother said, "You waste water." | Mother said that I wasted water. |
16 | Ramesh said, "I take a bath every day." | Ramesh said that he took a bath every day. |
17 | She said, "I love dancing." | She said that she loved dancing. |
18 | He said, "I eat fruits." | He said that he ate fruits. |
19 | They said, "We help our parents." | They said that they helped their parents. |
20 | I said to him, "You are a good friend." | I told him that he was a good friend. |
21 | She said, "I visit my grandma every week." | She said that she visited her grandma every week. |
22 | They said, "We enjoy music." | They said that they enjoyed music. |
23 | Ravi said, "I like this movie." | Ravi said that he liked that movie. |
24 | Meena said, "He eats fast." | Meena said that he ate fast. |
25 | She said, "My father works in a bank." | She said that her father worked in a bank. |
26 | He said, "The sun rises in the east." | He said that the sun rose in the east. |
27 | Riya said, "I write stories." | Riya said that she wrote stories. |
28 | Teacher said, "You always talk in class." | Teacher said that I always talked in class. |
29 | They said, "We are good friends." | They said that they were good friends. |
30 | I said, "He respects his elders." | I said that he respected his elders. |
31 | He said, "I study hard for exams." | He said that he studied hard for exams. |
32 | She said, "He loves his dog." | She said that he loved his dog. |
33 | They said, "We visit the temple on Sundays." | They said that they visited the temple on Sundays. |
34 | I said, "She makes delicious food." | I said that she made delicious food. |
35 | He said, "You always help others." | He said that I always helped others. |
36 | She said, "I live in Mumbai." | She said that she lived in Mumbai. |
37 | They said, "Our teacher explains well." | They said that their teacher explained well. |
38 | Rohan said, "My friends play with me." | Rohan said that his friends played with him. |
39 | She said, "We watch movies on Sundays." | She said that they watched movies on Sundays. |
40 | He said, "You work very hard." | He said that I worked very hard. |
41 | The teacher said, "You always forget your homework." | The teacher said that I always forgot my homework. |
42 | She said, "They dance at parties." | She said that they danced at parties. |
43 | He said, "She buys vegetables." | He said that she bought vegetables. |
44 | They said, "We read the Gita." | They said that they read the Gita. |
45 | Father said, "You do your work well." | Father said that I did my work well. |
46 | Mother said, "You keep your room clean." | Mother said that I kept my room clean. |
47 | The boy said, "I follow the rules." | The boy said that he followed the rules. |
48 | The girl said, "I trust my friends." | The girl said that she trusted her friends. |
49 | He said, "She helps her mother." | He said that she helped her mother. |
50 | Ritu said, "I talk to my best friend every day." | Ritu said that she talked to her best friend every day. |
📙 [ii]. Present Continuous → Past Continuous |
📝 Practice Sentences - 02: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | She said, "I am reading a book." | She said that she was reading a book. |
2 | He said, "I am doing my homework." | He said that he was doing his homework. |
3 | They said, "We are going to school." | They said that they were going to school. |
4 | Riya said, "I am writing a letter." | Riya said that she was writing a letter. |
5 | I said to her, "You are crying." | I told her that she was crying. |
6 | He said, "She is cooking dinner." | He said that she was cooking dinner. |
7 | Teacher said, "You are not listening." | Teacher said that I was not listening. |
8 | She said, "He is playing the guitar." | She said that he was playing the guitar. |
9 | Rahul said, "I am learning English." | Rahul said that he was learning English. |
10 | I said, "You are smiling." | I said that you were smiling. |
11 | Rina said, "I am preparing for my exam." | Rina said that she was preparing for her exam. |
12 | They said, "We are cleaning the classroom." | They said that they were cleaning the classroom. |
13 | He said, "I am driving the car." | He said that he was driving the car. |
14 | She said, "I am painting a picture." | She said that she was painting a picture. |
15 | The boy said, "I am swimming in the pool." | The boy said that he was swimming in the pool. |
16 | I said, "You are laughing loudly." | I said that you were laughing loudly. |
17 | The guard said, "I am opening the gate." | The guard said that he was opening the gate. |
18 | She said, "We are studying together." | She said that they were studying together. |
19 | The teacher said, "He is sleeping in the class." | The teacher said that he was sleeping in the class. |
20 | I said, "She is watering the plants." | I said that she was watering the plants. |
21 | He said, "They are watching a movie." | He said that they were watching a movie. |
22 | Mother said, "I am making lunch." | Mother said that she was making lunch. |
23 | You said, "I am not feeling well." | You said that you were not feeling well. |
24 | Father said, "You are wasting time." | Father said that I was wasting time. |
25 | She said, "I am brushing my hair." | She said that she was brushing her hair. |
26 | The teacher said, "They are talking in the class." | The teacher said that they were talking in the class. |
27 | I said, "We are leaving now." | I said that we were leaving then. |
28 | He said, "She is shouting at me." | He said that she was shouting at him. |
29 | She said, "The baby is crying." | She said that the baby was crying. |
30 | They said, "We are looking for our books." | They said that they were looking for their books. |
31 | The student said, "I am solving the math problem." | The student said that he was solving the math problem. |
32 | She said, "I am taking a selfie." | She said that she was taking a selfie. |
33 | He said, "I am waiting at the bus stop." | He said that he was waiting at the bus stop. |
34 | The driver said, "I am parking the bus." | The driver said that he was parking the bus. |
35 | They said, "We are packing our bags." | They said that they were packing their bags. |
36 | I said to her, "You are disturbing the class." | I told her that she was disturbing the class. |
37 | She said, "He is teasing the cat." | She said that he was teasing the cat. |
38 | He said, "I am fixing the fan." | He said that he was fixing the fan. |
39 | Riya said, "I am feeding the dog." | Riya said that she was feeding the dog. |
40 | I said, "He is calling me now." | I said that he was calling me then. |
41 | The boy said, "I am blowing balloons." | The boy said that he was blowing balloons. |
42 | The girl said, "I am cleaning the whiteboard." | The girl said that she was cleaning the whiteboard. |
43 | You said, "I am drawing a picture." | You said that you were drawing a picture. |
44 | He said, "They are running in the ground." | He said that they were running in the ground. |
45 | She said, "I am decorating my room." | She said that she was decorating her room. |
46 | The teacher said, "You are reading aloud." | The teacher said that I was reading aloud. |
47 | I said, "He is playing chess with me." | I said that he was playing chess with me. |
48 | Mother said, "I am folding the clothes." | Mother said that she was folding the clothes. |
49 | He said, "You are coming late." | He said that I was coming late. |
50 | They said, "We are making a project." | They said that they were making a project. |
📕 [iii]. Present Perfect → Past Perfect |
📝 Practice Sentences - 03: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
|
1 | She said, "I have completed the task." | She said that she had completed the task. |
2 | He said, "I have eaten my lunch." | He said that he had eaten his lunch. |
3 | They said, "We have seen that movie." | They said that they had seen that movie. |
4 | I said, "You have done a great job." | I said that you had done a great job. |
5 | Riya said, "She has finished her homework." | Riya said that she had finished her homework. |
6 | Teacher said, "You have passed the test." | Teacher said that I had passed the test. |
7 | He said, "I have met your friend." | He said that he had met my friend. |
8 | She said, "We have called the doctor." | She said that they had called the doctor. |
9 | I said, "He has missed the bus." | I said that he had missed the bus. |
10 | They said, "We have planned the trip." | They said that they had planned the trip. |
11 | She said, "I have written a letter." | She said that she had written a letter. |
12 | He said, "They have danced well." | He said that they had danced well. |
13 | You said, "I have prepared the meal." | You said that you had prepared the meal. |
14 | Ravi said, "I have solved the problem." | Ravi said that he had solved the problem. |
15 | The girl said, "I have fed the dog." | The girl said that she had fed the dog. |
16 | I said, "You have improved a lot." | I said that you had improved a lot. |
17 | He said, "I have worked hard." | He said that he had worked hard. |
18 | She said, "I have cleaned the room." | She said that she had cleaned the room. |
19 | Teacher said, "You have learned the poem." | Teacher said that I had learned the poem. |
20 | They said, "We have enjoyed the party." | They said that they had enjoyed the party. |
21 | Mother said, "I have cooked dinner." | Mother said that she had cooked dinner. |
22 | He said, "I have opened the shop." | He said that he had opened the shop. |
23 | She said, "They have won the match." | She said that they had won the match. |
24 | I said, "You have forgotten the keys." | I said that you had forgotten the keys. |
25 | Father said, "I have bought vegetables." | Father said that he had bought vegetables. |
26 | They said, "We have repaired the car." | They said that they had repaired the car. |
27 | Riya said, "She has read the book." | Riya said that she had read the book. |
28 | He said, "I have joined the course." | He said that he had joined the course. |
29 | She said, "I have painted the wall." | She said that she had painted the wall. |
30 | I said, "He has taken the medicine." | I said that he had taken the medicine. |
31 | You said, "I have written the report." | You said that you had written the report. |
32 | Teacher said, "You have answered correctly." | Teacher said that I had answered correctly. |
33 | She said, "We have locked the door." | She said that they had locked the door. |
34 | He said, "I have caught the thief." | He said that he had caught the thief. |
35 | The boy said, "I have lost my pen." | The boy said that he had lost his pen. |
36 | I said, "She has invited everyone." | I said that she had invited everyone. |
37 | They said, "We have completed the form." | They said that they had completed the form. |
38 | She said, "He has finished the chapter." | She said that he had finished the chapter. |
39 | He said, "I have cleaned the floor." | He said that he had cleaned the floor. |
40 | You said, "I have heard this song." | You said that you had heard that song. |
41 | Riya said, "We have reached the station." | Riya said that they had reached the station. |
42 | He said, "I have taken your book." | He said that he had taken my book. |
43 | She said, "I have watched the movie." | She said that she had watched the movie. |
44 | The teacher said, "You have done your homework." | The teacher said that I had done my homework. |
45 | I said, "They have passed the exam." | I said that they had passed the exam. |
46 | He said, "I have given the answer." | He said that he had given the answer. |
47 | She said, "I have visited the museum." | She said that she had visited the museum. |
48 | You said, "I have mailed the documents." | You said that you had mailed the documents. |
49 | The girl said, "I have stitched the dress." | The girl said that she had stitched the dress. |
50 | He said, "I have fixed the computer." | He said that he had fixed the computer. |
📗 [iv]. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous |
📝 Practice Sentences - 04: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
|
1 | He said, "I have been reading." | He said that he had been reading. |
2 | She said, "I have been cooking all day." | She said that she had been cooking all day. |
3 | They said, "We have been waiting for hours." | They said that they had been waiting for hours. |
4 | John said, "She has been helping me." | John said that she had been helping him. |
5 | I said, "You have been working hard." | I said that you had been working hard. |
6 | The teacher said, "You have been improving steadily." | The teacher said that we had been improving steadily. |
7 | She said, "I have been feeling sick lately." | She said that she had been feeling sick lately. |
8 | He said, "They have been fighting again." | He said that they had been fighting again. |
9 | I said, "We have been staying in London." | I said that we had been staying in London. |
10 | He said, "I have been playing football since morning." | He said that he had been playing football since morning. |
11 | She said, "I have been learning Spanish." | She said that she had been learning Spanish. |
12 | They said, "We have been preparing for the event." | They said that they had been preparing for the event. |
13 | He said, "I have been thinking about it." | He said that he had been thinking about it. |
14 | She said, "I have been watching that show." | She said that she had been watching that show. |
15 | They said, "We have been discussing the plan." | They said that they had been discussing the plan. |
16 | I said, "She has been working overtime." | I said that she had been working overtime. |
17 | He said, "I have been waiting for the bus." | He said that he had been waiting for the bus. |
18 | She said, "You have been ignoring me." | She said that I had been ignoring her. |
19 | I said, "I have been saving money for months." | I said that I had been saving money for months. |
20 | They said, "We have been fixing the machine." | They said that they had been fixing the machine. |
21 | She said, "I have been sewing a dress." | She said that she had been sewing a dress. |
22 | He said, "I have been cleaning the garage." | He said that he had been cleaning the garage. |
23 | They said, "We have been playing video games." | They said that they had been playing video games. |
24 | She said, "He has been annoying me." | She said that he had been annoying her. |
25 | He said, "I have been taking piano lessons." | He said that he had been taking piano lessons. |
26 | She said, "I have been baking a cake." | She said that she had been baking a cake. |
27 | I said, "They have been calling every day." | I said that they had been calling every day. |
28 | They said, "She has been drawing all night." | They said that she had been drawing all night. |
29 | He said, "I have been walking in the park." | He said that he had been walking in the park. |
30 | She said, "We have been practicing together." | She said that they had been practicing together. |
31 | I said, "He has been feeding the dog." | I said that he had been feeding the dog. |
32 | They said, "You have been lying to us." | They said that I had been lying to them. |
33 | He said, "I have been organizing the files." | He said that he had been organizing the files. |
34 | She said, "I have been living here for years." | She said that she had been living there for years. |
35 | He said, "She has been singing all morning." | He said that she had been singing all morning. |
36 | I said, "I have been attending evening classes." | I said that I had been attending evening classes. |
37 | She said, "He has been ignoring his studies." | She said that he had been ignoring his studies. |
38 | They said, "We have been watching a documentary." | They said that they had been watching a documentary. |
39 | He said, "I have been fixing my car." | He said that he had been fixing his car. |
40 | She said, "They have been traveling abroad." | She said that they had been traveling abroad. |
41 | He said, "You have been driving too fast." | He said that I had been driving too fast. |
42 | They said, "I have been checking the reports." | They said that they had been checking the reports. |
43 | She said, "I have been studying for my exams." | She said that she had been studying for her exams. |
44 | He said, "We have been searching for a solution." | He said that they had been searching for a solution. |
45 | I said, "He has been playing the guitar." | I said that he had been playing the guitar. |
46 | She said, "You have been misbehaving." | She said that I had been misbehaving. |
47 | He said, "They have been doing their homework." | He said that they had been doing their homework. |
48 | She said, "I have been struggling with the task." | She said that she had been struggling with the task. |
49 | He said, "We have been talking about you." | He said that they had been talking about me. |
50 | I said, "She has been working on the assignment." | I said that she had been working on the assignment. |
📘 [v]. Simple Past → Past Perfect |
📝 Practice Sentences - 05: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
|
1 | He said, "I ate an apple." | He said that he had eaten an apple. |
2 | She said, "We went to school." | She said that they had gone to school. |
3 | I said, "He worked hard." | I said that he had worked hard. |
4 | They said, "We lost the match." | They said that they had lost the match. |
5 | Riya said, "I met him yesterday." | Riya said that she had met him the day before. |
6 | He said, "She cleaned the room." | He said that she had cleaned the room. |
7 | She said, "I bought a new dress." | She said that she had bought a new dress. |
8 | The boy said, "I saw a lion." | The boy said that he had seen a lion. |
9 | He said, "We studied together." | He said that they had studied together. |
10 | I said, "He told me the truth." | I said that he had told me the truth. |
11 | She said, "I found my keys." | She said that she had found her keys. |
12 | He said, "They played football yesterday." | He said that they had played football the day before. |
13 | She said, "I finished my homework." | She said that she had finished her homework. |
14 | I said, "He called me last night." | I said that he had called me the previous night. |
15 | They said, "We cleaned the house." | They said that they had cleaned the house. |
16 | He said, "She left the office early." | He said that she had left the office early. |
17 | She said, "I wrote a letter." | She said that she had written a letter. |
18 | He said, "We saw the movie." | He said that they had seen the movie. |
19 | I said, "She made a cake." | I said that she had made a cake. |
20 | They said, "We visited Delhi last year." | They said that they had visited Delhi the previous year. |
21 | He said, "I lost my phone." | He said that he had lost his phone. |
22 | She said, "I cleaned my room yesterday." | She said that she had cleaned her room the day before. |
23 | I said, "He fixed the car." | I said that he had fixed the car. |
24 | They said, "We bought new books." | They said that they had bought new books. |
25 | He said, "She sang a song." | He said that she had sung a song. |
26 | She said, "I opened the door." | She said that she had opened the door. |
27 | I said, "They built a house." | I said that they had built a house. |
28 | They said, "We enjoyed the party." | They said that they had enjoyed the party. |
29 | He said, "I finished my work." | He said that he had finished his work. |
30 | She said, "I lost my keys." | She said that she had lost her keys. |
31 | I said, "He repaired the bike." | I said that he had repaired the bike. |
32 | They said, "We traveled to Mumbai." | They said that they had traveled to Mumbai. |
33 | He said, "I bought a new car." | He said that he had bought a new car. |
34 | She said, "I met the manager yesterday." | She said that she had met the manager the day before. |
35 | I said, "They left the office early." | I said that they had left the office early. |
36 | They said, "We watched a movie." | They said that they had watched a movie. |
37 | He said, "I ate breakfast." | He said that he had eaten breakfast. |
38 | She said, "I visited my grandparents." | She said that she had visited her grandparents. |
39 | I said, "He learned English last year." | I said that he had learned English the previous year. |
40 | They said, "We cleaned the garden." | They said that they had cleaned the garden. |
41 | He said, "She bought flowers." | He said that she had bought flowers. |
42 | She said, "I took the bus." | She said that she had taken the bus. |
43 | I said, "They built a bridge." | I said that they had built a bridge. |
44 | They said, "We painted the house." | They said that they had painted the house. |
45 | He said, "I wrote a letter." | He said that he had written a letter. |
46 | She said, "I drove to work." | She said that she had driven to work. |
47 | I said, "He bought a gift." | I said that he had bought a gift. |
48 | They said, "We fixed the roof." | They said that they had fixed the roof. |
49 | He said, "She cleaned the windows." | He said that she had cleaned the windows. |
50 | She said, "I answered the question." | She said that she had answered the question. |
[vii]. Past Perfect → No Change |
📝 Practice Sentences - 07: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: |
|
1 | She said, "I had finished my homework before dinner." | She said that she had finished her homework before dinner. |
2 | He said, "They had already left when I arrived." | He said that they had already left when he arrived. |
3 | Julia said, "I had seen that movie before." | Julia said that she had seen that movie before. |
4 | Mark said, "We had lived in Paris for five years." | Mark said that they had lived in Paris for five years. |
5 | The teacher said, "You had completed the project well." | The teacher said that we had completed the project well. |
6 | Tom said, "I had never tried sushi before last night." | Tom said that he had never tried sushi before the previous night. |
7 | She said, "He had forgotten my birthday." | She said that he had forgotten her birthday. |
8 | David said, "I had met him once before the party." | David said that he had met him once before the party. |
9 | Anna said, "We had finished eating by the time he arrived." | Anna said that they had finished eating by the time he arrived. |
10 | He said, "The train had already left." | He said that the train had already left. |
11 | She said, "I had written three pages before the bell rang." | She said that she had written three pages before the bell rang. |
12 | My friend said, "I had forgotten my wallet at home." | My friend said that he had forgotten his wallet at home. |
13 | The doctor said, "She had taken the wrong medicine." | The doctor said that she had taken the wrong medicine. |
14 | Father said, "I had worked there for ten years." | Father said that he had worked there for ten years. |
15 | Emily said, "He had never spoken to me before." | Emily said that he had never spoken to her before. |
16 | The manager said, "We had reached our target." | The manager said that they had reached their target. |
17 | Sarah said, "I had packed all the bags." | Sarah said that she had packed all the bags. |
18 | He said, "I had known her since college." | He said that he had known her since college. |
19 | The boy said, "I had broken the window accidentally." | The boy said that he had broken the window accidentally. |
20 | She said, "They had promised to help me." | She said that they had promised to help her. |
[viii]. Past Perfect Continuous → No Change |
📝 Practice Sentences - 08: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, “I had been working all night.” | He said that he had been working all night. |
2 | She said, “I had been learning French.” | She said that she had been learning French. |
3 | They said, “We had been waiting for the bus.” | They said that they had been waiting for the bus. |
4 | I said, “He had been playing cricket.” | I said that he had been playing cricket. |
5 | Riya said, “I had been preparing for the exam.” | Riya said that she had been preparing for the exam. |
6 | He said, “She had been living in Delhi.” | He said that she had been living in Delhi. |
7 | She said, “We had been talking about you.” | She said that they had been talking about me. |
8 | I said, “You had been helping me.” | I said that he had been helping me. |
9 | They said, “He had been driving too fast.” | They said that he had been driving too fast. |
10 | He said, “I had been teaching at this school.” | He said that he had been teaching at that school. |
11 | She said, “I had been writing my novel.” | She said that she had been writing her novel. |
12 | I said, “They had been working for 10 hours.” | I said that they had been working for 10 hours. |
13 | They said, “We had been dancing at the party.” | They said that they had been dancing at the party. |
14 | He said, “She had been crying.” | He said that she had been crying. |
15 | She said, “I had been cleaning the house.” | She said that she had been cleaning the house. |
16 | I said, “He had been using my laptop.” | I said that he had been using my laptop. |
17 | They said, “We had been organizing the event.” | They said that they had been organizing the event. |
18 | He said, “I had been reading your messages.” | He said that he had been reading my messages. |
19 | She said, “We had been trying to contact you.” | She said that they had been trying to contact me. |
20 | I said, “You had been ignoring my calls.” | I said that he had been ignoring my calls. |
📗 [ix]. Will / Shall → Would |
📝 Practice Sentences - 09: |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "I will help you." | He said that he would help me. |
2 | She said, "We shall meet again." | She said that they would meet again. |
3 | I said, "He will be late." | I said that he would be late. |
4 | They said, "We will arrive by 10 AM." | They said that they would arrive by 10 AM. |
5 | Ramesh said, "I shall return tomorrow." | Ramesh said that he would return the next day. |
6 | She said, "He will win the competition." | She said that he would win the competition. |
7 | The teacher said, "You will pass the test." | The teacher said that I would pass the test. |
8 | He said, "It will rain today." | He said that it would rain that day. |
9 | She said, "I will always remember you." | She said that she would always remember me. |
10 | I said, "She will call you later." | I said that she would call me later. |
11 | Rahul said, "We will go to the park." | Rahul said that they would go to the park. |
12 | He said, "They will start the meeting soon." | He said that they would start the meeting soon. |
13 | She said, "The baby will sleep now." | She said that the baby would sleep then. |
14 | I said, "I will bring the book tomorrow." | I said that I would bring the book the next day. |
15 | She said, "You will enjoy the movie." | She said that I would enjoy the movie. |
16 | He said, "She will answer the question." | He said that she would answer the question. |
17 | They said, "We shall work harder." | They said that they would work harder. |
18 | I said, "We will reach there by evening." | I said that we would reach there by evening. |
19 | She said, "He will complete the project on time." | She said that he would complete the project on time. |
20 | The boy said, "I will not forget this day." | The boy said that he would not forget that day. |
📘 [x]. Can → Could |
📝 Practice Sentences - 10 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "I can run fast." | He said that he could run fast. |
2 | She said, "We can solve this problem." | She said that they could solve that problem. |
3 | I said, "He can lift heavy weights." | I said that he could lift heavy weights. |
4 | They said, "We can help you." | They said that they could help me. |
5 | Riya said, "I can finish it today." | Riya said that she could finish it that day. |
6 | The teacher said, "You can ask questions now." | The teacher said that we could ask questions then. |
7 | He said, "I can speak three languages." | He said that he could speak three languages. |
8 | She said, "My brother can drive a car." | She said that her brother could drive a car. |
9 | I said, "You can stay here." | I said that she could stay there. |
10 | He said, "We can reach there by noon." | He said that they could reach there by noon. |
11 | She said, "I can understand Spanish." | She said that she could understand Spanish. |
12 | The child said, "I can read this book." | The child said that he could read that book. |
13 | He said, "We can meet at the station." | He said that they could meet at the station. |
14 | She said, "He can fix the computer." | She said that he could fix the computer. |
15 | I said, "She can sing very well." | I said that she could sing very well. |
16 | They said, "We can join the team." | They said that they could join the team. |
17 | Rahul said, "I can complete the project alone." | Rahul said that he could complete the project alone. |
18 | She said, "I can hear the noise from outside." | She said that she could hear the noise from outside. |
19 | He said, "You can use my phone." | He said that I could use his phone. |
20 | The boy said, "I can see the stars clearly." | The boy said that he could see the stars clearly. |
📙 [xi]. May → Might |
📝 Practice Sentences - 11 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "It may rain today." | He said that it might rain that day. |
2 | She said, "I may come later." | She said that she might come later. |
3 | I said, "He may be at home." | I said that he might be at home. |
4 | They said, "We may visit tomorrow." | They said that they might visit the next day. |
5 | Riya said, "It may be difficult." | Riya said that it might be difficult. |
6 | The doctor said, "You may feel tired." | The doctor said that I might feel tired. |
7 | He said, "She may agree to the plan." | He said that she might agree to the plan. |
8 | She said, "I may need help." | She said that she might need help. |
9 | I said, "They may join us." | I said that they might join us. |
10 | The teacher said, "You may leave early." | The teacher said that we might leave early. |
11 | He said, "It may take some time." | He said that it might take some time. |
12 | She said, "My brother may come tonight." | She said that her brother might come that night. |
13 | I said, "She may call me later." | I said that she might call me later. |
14 | They said, "We may start the project soon." | They said that they might start the project soon. |
15 | Rahul said, "I may forget the date." | Rahul said that he might forget the date. |
16 | She said, "He may not come." | She said that he might not come. |
17 | He said, "You may lose the chance." | He said that I might lose the chance. |
18 | The boy said, "It may not be true." | The boy said that it might not be true. |
19 | She said, "I may visit my grandma." | She said that she might visit her grandma. |
20 | He said, "I may fail the exam." | He said that he might fail the exam. |
📕 [xii]. Must → Had to |
📝 Practice Sentences - 12 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "I must go now." | He said that he had to go then. |
2 | She said, "We must finish the work today." | She said that they had to finish the work that day. |
3 | I said, "You must be careful." | I said that he had to be careful. |
4 | They said, "We must leave early." | They said that they had to leave early. |
5 | Riya said, "I must study for the exam." | Riya said that she had to study for the exam. |
6 | The doctor said, "You must take this medicine." | The doctor said that I had to take that medicine. |
7 | He said, "She must reach on time." | He said that she had to reach on time. |
8 | She said, "I must clean my room." | She said that she had to clean her room. |
9 | I said, "We must follow the rules." | I said that we had to follow the rules. |
10 | The teacher said, "You must complete your homework." | The teacher said that we had to complete our homework. |
11 | He said, "I must call my parents." | He said that he had to call his parents. |
12 | She said, "He must wear a uniform." | She said that he had to wear a uniform. |
13 | I said, "You must reach before 10." | I said that she had to reach before 10. |
14 | They said, "We must pay the fees today." | They said that they had to pay the fees that day. |
15 | Rahul said, "I must leave for office." | Rahul said that he had to leave for office. |
16 | She said, "I must prepare lunch." | She said that she had to prepare lunch. |
17 | He said, "You must visit the doctor." | He said that I had to visit the doctor. |
18 | The boy said, "I must complete the project." | The boy said that he had to complete the project. |
19 | She said, "He must apologize." | She said that he had to apologize. |
20 | He said, "I must go to the bank today." | He said that he had to go to the bank that day. |
Time और Place शब्द बदलना |
📝 Practice Sentences - 13 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | She said, "I will meet you tomorrow." | She said that she would meet me the next day. |
2 | He said, "We went to the zoo yesterday." | He said that they had gone to the zoo the previous day. |
3 | Riya said, "I am busy now." | Riya said that she was busy then. |
4 | He said, "My brother will come tonight." | He said that his brother would come that night. |
5 | They said, "We have a test today." | They said that they had a test that day. |
6 | She said, "I am going to London next week." | She said that she was going to London the following week. |
7 | He said, "I completed the course last week." | He said that he had completed the course the previous week. |
8 | The teacher said, "We will discuss this next class." | The teacher said that they would discuss that the following class. |
9 | She said, "I saw him a year ago." | She said that she had seen him a year before. |
10 | He said, "I live here." | He said that he lived there. |
11 | They said, "We will leave now." | They said that they would leave then. |
12 | She said, "I will call you tonight." | She said that she would call me that night. |
13 | He said, "This book is interesting." | He said that that book was interesting. |
14 | She said, "These apples are fresh." | She said that those apples were fresh. |
15 | He said, "I will never lie henceforth." | He said that he would never lie thenceforth. |
16 | She said, "I met him two days ago." | She said that she had met him two days before. |
17 | He said, "I have just finished the work." | He said that he had just finished the work. (or a moment before) |
18 | They said, "We are meeting here." | They said that they were meeting there. |
19 | She said, "I bought this phone yesterday." | She said that she had bought that phone the previous day. |
20 | He said, "I will start a new job next month." | He said that he would start a new job the following month. |
Interrogative Sentences A. Yes/No Questions |
📝 Practice Sentences - 14 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "Do you play cricket?" | He asked if I played cricket. |
2 | She said, "Are you hungry?" | She asked if I was hungry. |
3 | John said, "Have you finished your homework?" | John asked if I had finished my homework. |
4 | They said, "Will it rain today?" | They asked if it would rain that day. |
5 | Rani said, "Can you speak French?" | Rani asked if I could speak French. |
6 | He said, "Is it cold outside?" | He asked if it was cold outside. |
7 | She said, "Did you call me yesterday?" | She asked if I had called her the day before. |
8 | The teacher said, "Are you listening?" | The teacher asked if I was listening. |
9 | Rahul said, "Shall we go for a walk?" | Rahul asked if we should go for a walk. |
10 | She said, "Do you know the answer?" | She asked if I knew the answer. |
11 | He said, "Have you ever been to Goa?" | He asked if I had ever been to Goa. |
12 | She said, "Do they live here?" | She asked if they lived there. |
13 | Mom said, "Have you eaten lunch?" | Mom asked if I had eaten lunch. |
14 | He said, "Is your brother at home?" | He asked if my brother was at home. |
15 | The guard said, "Are you a visitor?" | The guard asked if I was a visitor. |
16 | Neha said, "Do you like chocolates?" | Neha asked if I liked chocolates. |
17 | He said, "Did you see the movie?" | He asked if I had seen the movie. |
18 | They said, "Can we help you?" | They asked if they could help me. |
19 | Rohan said, "Is this your bag?" | Rohan asked if that was my bag. |
20 | She said, "Are you feeling okay?" | She asked if I was feeling okay. |
21 | He said, "Do you work here?" | He asked if I worked there. |
22 | Teacher said, "Are you ready for the test?" | The teacher asked if I was ready for the test. |
23 | Father said, "Have you done your chores?" | Father asked if I had done my chores. |
24 | She said, "Is he coming with us?" | She asked if he was coming with us. |
25 | He said, "Can you drive?" | He asked if I could drive. |
26 | She said, "Will you attend the meeting?" | She asked if I would attend the meeting. |
27 | Ravi said, "Did you enjoy the party?" | Ravi asked if I had enjoyed the party. |
28 | She said, "Are you free tomorrow?" | She asked if I was free the next day. |
29 | He said, "Has the train arrived?" | He asked if the train had arrived. |
30 | They said, "Is your name on the list?" | They asked if my name was on the list. |
31 | She said, "Have you ever seen snow?" | She asked if I had ever seen snow. |
32 | He said, "Do you want some tea?" | He asked if I wanted some tea. |
33 | The officer said, "Are you carrying ID?" | The officer asked if I was carrying ID. |
34 | Riya said, "Will you call me later?" | Riya asked if I would call her later. |
35 | He said, "Is there any problem?" | He asked if there was any problem. |
36 | She said, "Can I borrow your pen?" | She asked if she could borrow my pen. |
37 | He said, "Are we late?" | He asked if we were late. |
38 | She said, "Did he tell you the truth?" | She asked if he had told me the truth. |
39 | They said, "Will you join us?" | They asked if I would join them. |
40 | He said, "Was the food tasty?" | He asked if the food had been tasty. |
41 | Mom said, "Are you coming home early?" | Mom asked if I was coming home early. |
42 | The boy said, "Have you seen my phone?" | The boy asked if I had seen his phone. |
43 | She said, "Do you believe in magic?" | She asked if I believed in magic. |
44 | He said, "Is this your first time?" | He asked if it was my first time. |
45 | They said, "Can we sit here?" | They asked if they could sit there. |
46 | He said, "Will it take long?" | He asked if it would take long. |
47 | She said, "Do you like painting?" | She asked if I liked painting. |
48 | He said, "Have you locked the door?" | He asked if I had locked the door. |
49 | She said, "Are you coming with me?" | She asked if I was coming with her. |
50 | He said, "Did she call you?" | He asked if she had called me. |
Interrogative Sentences WH Questions (What, Why, When, etc.) |
📝 Practice Sentences - 15 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "What is your name?" | He asked what my name was. |
2 | She said, "Why are you crying?" | She asked why I was crying. |
3 | Rahul said, "When will you come?" | Rahul asked when I would come. |
4 | They said, "Where do you live?" | They asked where I lived. |
5 | Rani said, "Who is your best friend?" | Rani asked who my best friend was. |
6 | He said, "Which book do you want?" | He asked which book I wanted. |
7 | She said, "How do you make tea?" | She asked how I made tea. |
8 | The teacher said, "Why are you late?" | The teacher asked why I was late. |
9 | He said, "When did you see her?" | He asked when I had seen her. |
10 | She said, "Where have you been?" | She asked where I had been. |
11 | He said, "What are you doing?" | He asked what I was doing. |
12 | She said, "How was your exam?" | She asked how my exam had been. |
13 | Father said, "Why didn’t you call me?" | Father asked why I hadn’t called him. |
14 | He said, "Where will you stay tonight?" | He asked where I would stay that night. |
15 | She said, "What did you eat for lunch?" | She asked what I had eaten for lunch. |
16 | They said, "When is your birthday?" | They asked when my birthday was. |
17 | He said, "Who broke the window?" | He asked who had broken the window. |
18 | She said, "How old are you?" | She asked how old I was. |
19 | The child said, "Why is the sky blue?" | The child asked why the sky was blue. |
20 | He said, "What do you want?" | He asked what I wanted. |
21 | She said, "Where can I find the keys?" | She asked where she could find the keys. |
22 | He said, "Which way should we go?" | He asked which way we should go. |
23 | The man said, "How do I open this box?" | The man asked how he could open that box. |
24 | She said, "Who wrote this letter?" | She asked who had written that letter. |
25 | He said, "When will the train arrive?" | He asked when the train would arrive. |
26 | She said, "Why are they shouting?" | She asked why they were shouting. |
27 | The teacher said, "How do you solve this?" | The teacher asked how I solved that. |
28 | He said, "Where did you put the file?" | He asked where I had put the file. |
29 | She said, "What is he doing now?" | She asked what he was doing then. |
30 | He said, "How can I reach the airport?" | He asked how he could reach the airport. |
31 | She said, "Why is he angry?" | She asked why he was angry. |
32 | They said, "Who will lead the team?" | They asked who would lead the team. |
33 | He said, "Which color do you like?" | He asked which color I liked. |
34 | She said, "What happened here?" | She asked what had happened there. |
35 | He said, "When did they leave?" | He asked when they had left. |
36 | She said, "How much money do you have?" | She asked how much money I had. |
37 | He said, "Where is your bag?" | He asked where my bag was. |
38 | They said, "Why are you so tired?" | They asked why I was so tired. |
39 | She said, "How many students are in your class?" | She asked how many students were in my class. |
40 | He said, "Who was at the door?" | He asked who had been at the door. |
41 | She said, "When can we meet?" | She asked when we could meet. |
42 | He said, "Why are you laughing?" | He asked why I was laughing. |
43 | She said, "Where did you buy this dress?" | She asked where I had bought that dress. |
44 | He said, "What made you cry?" | He asked what had made me cry. |
45 | She said, "How long will it take?" | She asked how long it would take. |
46 | He said, "Who told you the news?" | He asked who had told me the news. |
47 | She said, "When did you arrive?" | She asked when I had arrived. |
48 | He said, "Where can I park my bike?" | He asked where he could park his bike. |
49 | She said, "Why is she not answering?" | She asked why she was not answering. |
50 | He said, "How do you use this app?" | He asked how I used that app. |
Imperative Sentences (आदेश, निवेदन, सुझाव) |
📝 Practice Sentences - 16 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "Open the door." | He told me to open the door. |
2 | She said, "Please help me." | She requested me to help her. |
3 | The teacher said, "Finish your work." | The teacher told me to finish my work. |
4 | He said, "Don’t make noise." | He told me not to make noise. |
5 | She said, "Please sit down." | She requested me to sit down. |
6 | Father said, "Work hard." | Father advised me to work hard. |
7 | The doctor said, "Take this medicine." | The doctor told me to take that medicine. |
8 | She said, "Don’t go outside." | She told me not to go outside. |
9 | He said, "Be honest." | He advised me to be honest. |
10 | She said, "Don’t waste your time." | She advised me not to waste my time. |
11 | Mom said, "Clean your room." | Mom told me to clean my room. |
12 | He said, "Please lend me your pen." | He requested me to lend him my pen. |
13 | The policeman said, "Show me your ID." | The policeman told me to show him my ID. |
14 | The teacher said, "Don’t cheat in the exam." | The teacher warned me not to cheat in the exam. |
15 | She said, "Please wait here." | She requested me to wait there. |
16 | He said, "Call the doctor immediately." | He told me to call the doctor immediately. |
17 | They said, "Don’t touch this wire." | They warned me not to touch that wire. |
18 | He said, "Let me go." | He requested to be allowed to go. |
19 | She said, "Let him speak." | She allowed him to speak. |
20 | Father said, "Save money." | Father advised me to save money. |
21 | The nurse said, "Take rest." | The nurse advised me to take rest. |
22 | He said, "Don’t tell lies." | He told me not to tell lies. |
23 | She said, "Help your brother." | She told me to help my brother. |
24 | The officer said, "Sign this document." | The officer ordered me to sign that document. |
25 | The teacher said, "Revise your lessons." | The teacher told me to revise my lessons. |
26 | He said, "Don’t open this box." | He told me not to open that box. |
27 | She said, "Please forgive me." | She requested me to forgive her. |
28 | He said, "Don’t speak loudly." | He told me not to speak loudly. |
29 | The judge said, "Tell the truth." | The judge ordered me to tell the truth. |
30 | Mom said, "Don’t eat junk food." | Mom advised me not to eat junk food. |
31 | She said, "Please call me later." | She requested me to call her later. |
32 | He said, "Follow the rules." | He told me to follow the rules. |
33 | The coach said, "Practice daily." | The coach advised me to practice daily. |
34 | He said, "Let’s go out." | He suggested that we should go out. |
35 | She said, "Let’s start the work." | She suggested that we should start the work. |
36 | He said, "Please bring me some water." | He requested me to bring him some water. |
37 | The teacher said, "Keep quiet." | The teacher told me to keep quiet. |
38 | He said, "Be kind to others." | He advised me to be kind to others. |
39 | She said, "Don’t look at me." | She told me not to look at her. |
40 | They said, "Stay at home." | They told me to stay at home. |
41 | He said, "Switch off the fan." | He told me to switch off the fan. |
42 | She said, "Wash your hands." | She told me to wash my hands. |
43 | He said, "Let us wait here." | He suggested that we should wait there. |
44 | The officer said, "March forward." | The officer ordered me to march forward. |
45 | He said, "Please don’t leave me." | He requested me not to leave him. |
46 | She said, "Take care of yourself." | She advised me to take care of myself. |
47 | The manager said, "Submit the report." | The manager told me to submit the report. |
48 | She said, "Don’t forget your bag." | She told me not to forget my bag. |
49 | He said, "Please open the window." | He requested me to open the window. |
50 | The guide said, "Follow me." | The guide told me to follow him. |
Imperative Sentences (आदेश, निवेदन, सुझाव) |
📝 Practice Sentences - 17 |
No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Convert the following to Indirect Speech: | Answer Sheet |
1 | He said, "What a beautiful place!" | He exclaimed that it was a beautiful place. |
2 | She said, "How lovely the weather is!" | She exclaimed with joy that the weather was very lovely. |
3 | He said, "Alas! I am ruined." | He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined. |
4 | She said, "Hurrah! We won the match." | She exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. |
5 | He said, "What a horrible accident!" | He exclaimed that it was a horrible accident. |
6 | She said, "How fast he runs!" | She exclaimed with surprise that he ran very fast. |
7 | He said, "Bravo! You did well." | He applauded me saying I had done well. |
8 | She said, "Oh no! I forgot my phone." | She exclaimed with regret that she had forgotten her phone. |
9 | They said, "What a great idea!" | They exclaimed that it was a great idea. |
10 | He said, "How sweet the music is!" | He exclaimed with admiration that the music was very sweet. |
11 | She said, "What a fool I was!" | She exclaimed with regret that she had been a fool. |
12 | He said, "Oh! That’s unbelievable." | He exclaimed with surprise that it was unbelievable. |
13 | She said, "Hurrah! The exam is over." | She exclaimed with joy that the exam was over. |
14 | He said, "Fie! You cheated me." | He exclaimed with anger that I had cheated him. |
15 | She said, "What a pity!" | She exclaimed with sorrow that it was a pity. |
16 | They said, "Wow! What a performance!" | They exclaimed with admiration that it was a great performance. |
17 | He said, "Alas! He is dead." | He exclaimed with sorrow that he was dead. |
18 | She said, "Oh God! Help me." | She prayed to God to help her. |
19 | He said, "What a wonderful surprise!" | He exclaimed with joy that it was a wonderful surprise. |
20 | She said, "How peaceful this place is!" | She exclaimed that the place was very peaceful. |
21 | He said, "Oh! I lost my wallet." | He exclaimed with regret that he had lost his wallet. |
22 | They said, "Hurrah! We are safe." | They exclaimed with joy that they were safe. |
23 | She said, "What a smart boy he is!" | She exclaimed with admiration that he was a smart boy. |
24 | He said, "Ah! I missed the train." | He exclaimed with regret that he had missed the train. |
25 | She said, "How beautiful the sunset is!" | She exclaimed with wonder that the sunset was very beautiful. |
26 | He said, "What a goal!" | He exclaimed that it was a great goal. |
27 | She said, "Alas! My brother is sick." | She exclaimed with sorrow that her brother was sick. |
28 | He said, "What a mess you made!" | He exclaimed with anger that I had made a mess. |
29 | She said, "Oh no! I’m late again." | She exclaimed with regret that she was late again. |
30 | They said, "Hurrah! Our team reached the finals." | They exclaimed with joy that their team had reached the finals. |
31 | He said, "How nicely she dances!" | He exclaimed with admiration that she danced nicely. |
32 | She said, "Wow! That dress is amazing." | She exclaimed with admiration that the dress was amazing. |
33 | He said, "What a shame!" | He exclaimed with regret that it was a shame. |
34 | She said, "Oh! That hurt." | She exclaimed with pain that it had hurt. |
35 | He said, "Alas! He failed the exam." | He exclaimed with sorrow that he had failed the exam. |
36 | They said, "Hurrah! We are going to picnic." | They exclaimed with joy that they were going to a picnic. |
37 | She said, "How kind of you!" | She exclaimed with gratitude that I was very kind. |
38 | He said, "What an exciting movie!" | He exclaimed with joy that the movie was exciting. |
39 | She said, "Oh no! I spilled the juice." | She exclaimed with regret that she had spilled the juice. |
40 | He said, "Bravo! You saved the child." | He applauded me saying I had saved the child. |
41 | They said, "How tall he is!" | They exclaimed with wonder that he was very tall. |
42 | She said, "What a delicious meal!" | She exclaimed with joy that the meal was delicious. |
43 | He said, "Wow! You finished early." | He exclaimed with surprise that I had finished early. |
44 | She said, "Alas! We lost the game." | She exclaimed with sorrow that they had lost the game. |
45 | He said, "How rude of him!" | He exclaimed with anger that he was very rude. |
46 | She said, "What a rainy day!" | She exclaimed that it was a rainy day. |
47 | He said, "Oh dear! The phone is dead." | He exclaimed with regret that the phone was dead. |
48 | They said, "Hurrah! Holidays have started." | They exclaimed with joy that holidays had started. |
49 | She said, "How clean this place is!" | She exclaimed with surprise that the place was very clean. |
50 | He said, "What a stupid mistake I made!" | He exclaimed with regret that he had made a stupid mistake. |
